Sodium Chloride And Potassium Chloride

Description

DESCRIPTION Each 100 mL of 20 mEq Potassium Chloride in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection (20 mEq K + /L) contains: Sodium Chloride USP 0.9 g Potassium Chloride USP 0.15 g; Water for Injection USP qs pH may be adjusted with Hydrochloric Acid NF pH: 5.6 (3.5–6.5) Calculated Osmolarity: 350 mOsmol/L Concentration of Electrolytes (mEq/L): Sodium 154 Potassium 20 Chloride 174 Potassium Chloride in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection is sterile, nonpyrogenic, hypertonic and contains no bacteriostatic or antimicrobial agents. This product is intended for intravenous administration. The formulas of the active ingredients are: Ingredients Molecular Formula Molecular Weight Sodium Chloride USP NaCl 58.44 Potassium Chloride USP KCl 74.55 Not made with natural rubber latex, PVC or DEHP. The plastic container is made from a multilayered film specifically developed for parenteral drugs. The solution contact layer is a rubberized copolymer of ethylene and propylene. The container is nontoxic and biologically inert. The container-solution unit is a closed system and is not dependent upon entry of external air during administration. The container is overwrapped to provide protection from the physical environment and to provide an additional moisture barrier when necessary. Addition of medication should be accomplished using complete aseptic technique. The closure system has two ports; the one for the administration set has a tamper evident plastic protector and the other is a medication addition site. Refer to the Directions for Use of the container .

What Is Sodium Chloride And Potassium Chloride Used For?

INDICATIONS AND USAGE Potassium Chloride in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection is indicated for use in adults and pediatric patients as a source of electrolytes and water for hydration.

Dosage and Administration

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION This solution is for intravenous use. Dosage is to be directed by a physician and is dependent upon age, weight, clinical condition of the patient and laboratory determinations. Frequent laboratory determinations and clinical evaluation are essential to monitor changes in blood glucose and electrolyte concentrations, and fluid and electrolyte balance during prolonged parenteral therapy. When a hypertonic solution is to be administered peripherally, it should be slowly infused through a small bore needle, placed well within the lumen of a large vein to minimize venous irritation. Carefully avoid infiltration. In the average adult, daily requirements of sodium and chloride are met by the infusion of one liter of 0.9% sodium chloride (154 mEq each of sodium and chloride). Usually up to 40 mEq of potassium per liter daily is sufficient to replace normal loss in adults. Infusion rates should not exceed 10 mEq per hour or 120 mEq per day. A liter of fluid containing 40 mEq of potassium should be administered over an 8-hour period. Fluid administration should be based on calculated maintenance or replacement fluid requirements for each patient. Pediatric Dosage and Administration. There is no specific pediatric dose. The dose is dependent on weight, clinical condition and laboratory results. See WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS . Some additives may be incompatible. Consult with pharmacist. When introducing additives, use aseptic techniques. Mix thoroughly. Do not store. Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.

Side Effects (Adverse Reactions)

ADVERSE REACTIONS Reactions which may occur because of the solution or the technique of administration include febrile response, infection at the site of injection, venous thrombosis or phlebitis extending from the site of injection, extravasation, and hypervolemia. Too rapid infusion of hypertonic solutions may cause local pain and venous irritation. Rate of administration should be adjusted according to tolerance. Use of the largest peripheral vein and a small bore needle is recommended. (See DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION .) Symptoms may result from an excess or deficit of one or more of the ions present in the solution; therefore, frequent monitoring of electrolyte levels is essential. Hypernatremia may be associated with edema and exacerbation of congestive heart failure due to the retention of water, resulting in an expanded extracellular fluid volume. Reactions reported with the use of potassium-containing solutions include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea. The signs and symptoms of potassium intoxication include paresthesias of the extremities, areflexia, muscular or respiratory paralysis, mental confusion, weakness, hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, heart block, electrocardiographic abnormalities and cardiac arrest. Potassium deficits result in disruption of neuromuscular function, and intestinal ileus and dilatation. If infused in large amounts, chloride ions may cause a loss of bicarbonate ions, resulting in an acidifying effect. The physician should also be alert to the possibility of adverse reactions to drug additives. Prescribing information for drug additives to be administered in this manner should be consulted. If an adverse reaction does occur, discontinue the infusion, evaluate the patient, institute appropriate therapeutic countermeasures and save the remainder of the fluid for examination if deemed necessary.

Contraindications

CONTRAINDICATIONS Potassium Chloride in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection is contraindicated in clinical conditions where additives of sodium, potassium or chloride could be clinically detrimental.

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Pregnancy: Teratogenic Effects Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Potassium Chloride in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection. It is also not known whether Potassium Chloride in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Potassium Chloride in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.

Nursing Mothers It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Potassium Chloride in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection is administered to a nursing woman.

Overdosage

OVERDOSAGE In the event of a fluid or solute overload during parenteral therapy, reevaluate the patient's condition and institute appropriate corrective treatment. In the event of overdosage with potassium-containing solutions, discontinue the infusion immediately and institute corrective therapy to reduce serum potassium levels. Treatment of hyperkalemia includes the following: Dextrose Injection USP, 10% or 25% containing 10 units of crystalline insulin per 20 grams of dextrose administered intravenously, 300 to 500 mL per hour. Absorption and exchange of potassium using sodium or ammonium cycle cation exchange resin, orally and as retention enema. Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. The use of potassium-containing foods or medications must be eliminated. However, in cases of digitalization, too rapid a lowering of plasma potassium concentration can cause digitalis toxicity.

How Supplied

HOW SUPPLIED Potassium Chloride in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection is supplied sterile and nonpyrogenic in single-dose EXCEL ® Containers packaged 12 per case. NDC REF Size 20 mEq Potassium Chloride in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection (20 mEq K + /L) 0264-7865-00 L8650 1000 mL Exposure of pharmaceutical products to heat should be minimized. Avoid excessive heat. Protect from freezing. Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F). Excursions permitted to 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.]