Safinamide Mesylate

FDA Drug Information • Also known as: Xadago

Brand Names: Xadago
Route: ORAL
Dosage Form: TABLET, FILM COATED
Product Type: HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG

Description

11 DESCRIPTION XADAGO tablets contain safinamide, which is a MAO-B inhibitor, as the mesylate salt. Safinamide mesylate is (S)-2- [[4-[(3-fluorophenyl) methoxy]phenyl]methyl]aminopropanamide methanesulfonate (1:1) and its structural formula is below. The molecular formula of safinamide mesylate is C 17 H 19 FN 2 O 2 ∙CH 4 O 3 S and its molecular weight is 398.45. Safinamide mesylate is a white to off-white crystalline powder. Safinamide mesylate is freely soluble in water, methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide. Safinamide mesylate is sparingly soluble in ethanol and is practically insoluble in ethyl acetate. In aqueous buffers that span a pH range of 1.2 to 7.5, safinamide mesylate is highly soluble at pH 1.2 and 4.5, but shows low solubility (<0.4 mg/mL) at pH 6.8 and 7.5. XADAGO is available as 50 mg and 100 mg film-coated tablets for oral administration. Each XADAGO tablet contains 65.88 mg or 131.76 mg of safinamide mesylate, equivalent to 50 mg or 100 mg, respectively, of safinamide free base. The tablets also contain the following inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, crospovidone, hypromellose, iron oxide (red), magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyethylene glycol 6000, potassium aluminum silicate, and titanium dioxide. Chemical Structure

What Is Safinamide Mesylate Used For?

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE XADAGO is indicated as adjunctive treatment to levodopa/carbidopa in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) experiencing "off" episodes. XADAGO is a monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) inhibitor indicated as adjunctive treatment to levodopa/carbidopa in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) experiencing "off" episodes ( 1 )

Dosage and Administration

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Start with 50 mg administered orally once daily at the same time of day; after two weeks, the dose may be increased to 100 mg once daily, based on individual need and tolerability ( 2.1 ) Hepatic Impairment: Do not exceed 50 mg once daily in patients with moderate hepatic impairment; contraindicated in patients with severe hepatic impairment ( 2.2 , 4 ) 2.1 Dosing Information The recommended starting dosage of XADAGO is 50 mg administered orally once daily (at the same time of day), without regard to meals. After two weeks, the dosage may be increased to 100 mg once daily, based on individual need and tolerability. Daily dosages of XADAGO above 100 mg have not been shown to provide additional benefit, and higher dosages increase the risk for adverse reactions. XADAGO has been shown to be effective only in combination with levodopa/carbidopa [see Indications and Usage (1) ] . If a dose is missed, the next dose should be taken at the same time the next day. XADAGO 100 mg should be tapered by decreasing the dose to 50 mg for one week before stopping [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] . 2.2 Dosing in Patients with Hepatic Impairment In patients with moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh B: 7-9), the maximum recommended dosage of XADAGO is 50 mg orally once daily. XADAGO is contraindicated in patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh C: 10-15) [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] . If a patient taking 50 mg XADAGO progresses from moderate to severe hepatic impairment, discontinue XADAGO.

Side Effects (Adverse Reactions)

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following serious adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of labeling: Hypertension [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] Serotonin Syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] Falling Asleep During Activities of Daily Living [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] Dyskinesia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] Hallucinations / Psychotic Behavior [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] Impulse Control / Compulsive Behaviors [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] Withdrawal-Emergent Hyperpyrexia and Confusion [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] Retinal Pathology [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) ] Most common adverse reactions (incidence on XADAGO 100 mg/day at least 2% greater than placebo) were dyskinesia, fall, nausea, and insomnia ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact MDD US Operations, LLC, at 1-888-492-3246 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions; therefore, adverse reactions observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to the incidence in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the incidence observed in clinical practice. Common Adverse Reactions in Placebo-Controlled PD Studies Table 1 shows the incidence of adverse reactions with an incidence of at least 2% on XADAGO 100 mg/day and greater than placebo in controlled studies in PD (Study 1 and Study 2). The most common adverse reactions associated with XADAGO treatment in which the incidence for XADAGO 100 mg/day was at least 2% greater than the incidence for placebo were dyskinesia, fall, nausea, and insomnia. Adverse Reactions Reported as Reason for Discontinuation from Study In pooled placebo-controlled studies (Study 1 and Study 2) in patients with PD taking a stable dose of carbidopa/levodopa with or without other PD medications, there was an increase in the incidence of XADAGO-treated patients who discontinued from the study because of adverse reactions. The incidence of patients discontinuing from Study 1 and Study 2 for any adverse reaction was 5% for XADAGO 50 mg/day, 6% for XADAGO 100 mg/day, and 4% for placebo. The most frequently reported adverse reaction causing study discontinuation was dyskinesia (1% of patients treated with XADAGO 50 mg/day or XADAGO 100 mg/day vs. 0% for placebo). Table 1: Percentage of Patients with Adverse Reactions with an Incidence ≥ 2% in the XADAGO 100 mg/day Group and Greater than Placebo in Studies 1 and 2. XADAGO 50 mg/day (N = 223) XADAGO 100 mg/day (N = 498) Placebo (N = 497) Adverse Reaction % % % Dyskinesia 21 17 9 Fall 4 6 4 Nausea 3 6 4 Insomnia 1 4 2 Orthostatic hypotension 2 2 1 Anxiety 2 2 1 Cough 2 2 1 Dyspepsia 0 2 1 Abnormal Laboratory Changes In Study 1 and Study 2, the proportion of patients who experienced a shift from normal to above the upper limit of normal for serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was 5% for XADAGO 50 mg, 7% for XADAGO 100 mg, and 3% for placebo. No patient treated with XADAGO experienced an increase in ALT that was 3 times the upper limit of normal or higher. The proportion of patients with a shift from normal to above the upper limit of normal for serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was 7% for XADAGO 50 mg, 6% for XADAGO 100 mg, and 3% for placebo. The incidence of patients with an increase in AST to at least 3 times the upper limit of normal was similar for XADAGO and placebo. 6.2 Postmarketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of safinamide. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Immune System Disorders: Hypersensitivity: A postmarketing report describes a patient who developed a hypersensitivity reaction consisting of swelling of the tongue and gingiva,...

Drug Interactions

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors: Monitor patients for serotonin syndrome ( 7.3 ) Sympathomimetic Medications: Monitor patients for hypertension ( 7.5 ) Tyramine: Risk of severe hypertension ( 7.6 ) 7.1 MAO Inhibitors (MAOIs) XADAGO is contraindicated for use with other drugs in the MAOIs class or other drugs that are potent inhibitors of monoamine oxidase (e.g., linezolid, an oxazolidinone antibacterial, which also has reversible nonselective MAO inhibition activity). Co-administration increases the risk of nonselective MAO inhibition, which may lead to hypertensive crisis [see Contraindications (4) and Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . At least 14 days should elapse between discontinuation of XADAGO and initiation of treatment with other MAOIs. Isoniazid has some monoamine oxidase inhibiting activity. Monitor for hypertension and reaction to dietary tyramine in patients treated concomitantly with isoniazid and XADAGO. 7.2 Opioid Drugs Because serious, sometimes fatal reactions have been precipitated with concomitant use of opioid drugs (e.g., meperidine and its derivatives, methadone, propoxyphene, or tramadol) and MAOIs, including selective MAO-B inhibitors, concomitant use of these drugs is contraindicated [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] . At least 14 days should elapse between discontinuation of XADAGO and initiation of treatment with these drugs. 7.3 Serotonergic Drugs Concomitant use of XADAGO with SNRIs; triazolopyridine, tricyclic or tetracyclic antidepressants; cyclobenzaprine (a skeletal muscle relaxant that is a tricyclic antidepressant derivative); or St. John's wort is contraindicated [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] . At least 14 days should elapse between discontinuation of XADAGO and initiation of treatment with these drugs. Monitor patients for symptoms of serotonin syndrome if SSRIs are used by patients treated with XADAGO [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] . 7.4 Dextromethorphan The combination of MAOIs and dextromethorphan has been reported to cause episodes of psychosis or bizarre behavior. Therefore, in view of XADAGO's MAO inhibitory activity, dextromethorphan is contraindicated for use with XADAGO. 7.5 Sympathomimetic Medications Severe hypertensive reactions have followed the administration of sympathomimetics and nonselective MAOIs. Hypertensive crisis has been reported in patients taking the recommended doses of selective MAO-B inhibitors and sympathomimetic medications. Concomitant use of XADAGO with methylphenidate, amphetamine, and their derivatives is contraindicated [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1 , 5.2) ] . Monitor patients for hypertension if XADAGO is prescribed concomitantly with prescription or nonprescription sympathomimetic medications, including nasal, oral, or ophthalmic decongestants and cold remedies [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . 7.6 Tyramine MAO in the gastrointestinal tract and liver (primarily type A) provides protection from exogenous amines...

Contraindications

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS XADAGO is contraindicated in patients with: Concomitant use of other drugs in the monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) class or other drugs that are potent inhibitors of monoamine oxidase, including linezolid. The combination may result in increased blood pressure, including hypertensive crisis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Drug Interactions (7.1) ] . Concomitant use of opioid drugs (e.g., meperidine and its derivatives, methadone, propoxyphene, or tramadol); serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic, tetracyclic, or triazolopyridine antidepressants; cyclobenzaprine; methylphenidate, amphetamine, and their derivatives; or St John's wort. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) and Drug Interactions (7.2 , 7.3 , 7.5) ] . Concomitant use of dextromethorphan. The combination of MAOIs and dextromethorphan has been reported to cause episodes of psychosis or abnormal behavior [see Drug Interactions (7.4) ] . A history of a hypersensitivity to safinamide. Reactions have included swelling of the tongue and oral mucosa, and dyspnea. Severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh C: 10-15) [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6) ] . XADAGO is contraindicated in patients with: Concomitant use of the following drugs: Other monoamine oxidase inhibitors or other drugs that are potent inhibitors of monoamine oxidase (e.g., linezolid) ( 4 , 7.1 ) Opioid drugs (e.g., tramadol, meperidine and related derivatives); serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors; tri-or tetra-cyclic or triazolopyridine antidepressants; cyclobenzaprine; methylphenidate, amphetamine, and their derivatives; St. John's wort ( 4 , 7.2 , 7.3 , 7.5 ) Dextromethorphan ( 4 , 7.4 ) A history of a hypersensitivity to safinamide ( 4 ) Severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh C: 10-15) ( 4 )

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary There are no adequate data on the developmental risk associated with the use of XADAGO in pregnant women. In animals, developmental toxicity, including teratogenic effects, was observed when safinamide was administered during pregnancy at clinically relevant doses. Developmental toxicity was observed at doses lower than those used clinically when safinamide was administered during pregnancy in combination with levodopa/carbidopa. The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. Data Animal Data In an embryofetal development study in rats, oral administration of safinamide (0, 50, 100, or 150 mg/kg/day) throughout organogenesis resulted in dose-related increases in fetal abnormalities (primarily urogenital malformations) at all doses. A no-effect dose for adverse effects on embryofetal development was not established. The lowest dose tested (50 mg/kg/day) is approximately 5 times the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 100 mg on a body surface area (mg/m 2 ) basis. In a combination embryofetal development study of safinamide and levodopa (LD)/carbidopa (CD) in rats (80/20 mg/kg/day LD/CD in combination with 0, 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg/day safinamide or 100 mg/kg/day safinamide alone), increased incidences of fetal visceral and skeletal malformations and variations were observed at all doses of safinamide in combination with CD/LD and with safinamide alone. The lowest dose of safinamide tested (25 mg/kg/day) is approximately 2 times the MRHD on a mg/m 2 basis. In embryofetal development studies in rabbits, no developmental toxicity was observed at up to the highest oral dose of safinamide tested (100 mg/kg/day). However, when safinamide (0, 4, 12, or 40 mg/kg/day) was administered throughout organogenesis in a...

Overdosage

10 OVERDOSAGE There is no human experience with XADAGO overdose. There is no known antidote to XADAGO nor any specific treatment for XADAGO overdose. If an overdose occurs, XADAGO treatment should be discontinued and supportive treatment should be administered as clinically indicated. In cases of overdose with XADAGO, dietary tyramine restriction should be observed for several weeks. The Poison Control Center should be called at 1-800-222-1222 for the most current treatment guidelines.

How Supplied

16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING 16.1 How Supplied 50 mg (orange to copper colored with metallic gloss, round film-coated, biconcave shaped tablet embossed with "50" on one side; approximately 7 mm in diameter). Bottles of 30 tablets NDC 27505-110-30 Bottles of 90 tablets NDC 27505-110-90 100 mg (orange to copper colored with metallic gloss, round film-coated, biconcave shaped tablet embossed with "100" on one side; approximately 9 mm in diameter). Bottles of 30 tablets NDC 27505-111-30 Bottles of 90 tablets NDC 27505-111-90 16.2 Storage and Handling Store at 25°C (77°F); excursions permitted between 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F) [see USP controlled room temperature].

About This Information

This drug information is sourced from FDA-approved labeling via the openFDA database. It is intended for educational and reference purposes only. This is not medical advice. Always consult your healthcare provider before making decisions about medication. Drug information may be updated by the FDA; check with your pharmacist for the most current information.

What are side effects?

Side effects are unwanted reactions that can occur when taking a medication. They range from mild (headache, nausea) to severe (allergic reactions, organ damage). Not everyone experiences side effects, and severity varies. Report any concerning side effects to your doctor.

What are drug interactions?

Drug interactions occur when a medication is affected by another drug, food, or supplement. Interactions can make medications less effective or cause dangerous side effects. Always tell your doctor about all medications and supplements you take.