Phenylephrine And Ketorolac
FDA Drug Information • Also known as: Omidria
- Brand Names
- Omidria
- Drug Class
- Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug [EPC], Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor [EPC], alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonist [EPC]
- Route
- INTRAOCULAR
- Dosage Form
- INJECTION, SOLUTION, CONCENTRATE
- Product Type
- HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG
Description
11 DESCRIPTION Omidria is a sterile aqueous solution, containing the α 1 -adrenergic receptor agonist phenylephrine HCl and the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory ketorolac tromethamine, for addition to ocular irrigating solution. The descriptions and structural formulae are: Phenylephrine Hydrochloride Drug Substance: Common Name: phenylephrine hydrochloride Chemical Name: (-)- m -Hydroxy-α-[(methylamino)methyl]benzyl alcohol hydrochloride Molecular Formula: C 9 H 13 NO 2 · HCl Molecular Weight: 203.67 g/mole Figure 1: Chemical Structure for Phenylephrine HCl Ketorolac Tromethamine Drug Substance: Common Name: ketorolac tromethamine Chemical Name: (±)-5-Benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid : 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol (1:1) Molecular Formula: C 15 H 13 NO 3 · C 4 H 11 NO 3 Molecular Weight: 376.40 g/mole Figure 2: Chemical Structure for Ketorolac Tromethamine Omidria is a clear, colorless to slightly yellow, sterile solution concentrate with a pH of approximately 6.3. Each vial of Omidria contains: Actives: phenylephrine hydrochloride 12.4 mg/mL equivalent to 10.16 mg/mL of phenylephrine and ketorolac tromethamine 4.24 mg/mL equivalent to 2.88 mg/mL of ketorolac. Inactives: citric acid monohydrate; sodium citrate dihydrate; water for injection; may include sodium hydroxide and/or hydrochloric acid for pH adjustment. Figure 1 Figure 2
What Is Phenylephrine And Ketorolac Used For?
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Omidria ® is added to an ocular irrigating solution used during cataract surgery or intraocular lens replacement and is indicated for maintaining pupil size by preventing intraoperative miosis and reducing postoperative ocular pain. OMIDRIA is an alpha 1-adrenergic receptor agonist and nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitor indicated for: Maintaining pupil size by preventing intraoperative miosis ( 1 ) Reducing postoperative pain ( 1 ) OMIDRIA is added to an ocular irrigating solution used during cataract surgery or intraocular lens replacement.
Dosage and Administration
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Omidria must be diluted prior to intraocular use. For administration to patients undergoing cataract surgery or intraocular lens replacement, 4 mL of Omidria is diluted in 500 mL of ocular irrigating solution. Irrigation solution is to be used as needed for the surgical procedure for a single patient. The storage period for the diluted product is not more than 4 hours at room temperature or 24 hours under refrigerated conditions. Do not use if the solution is cloudy or if it contains particulate matter. Each vial of OMIDRIA must be diluted prior to use for administration to a single patient undergoing cataract surgery or intraocular lens replacement. Dilute 4 mL of OMIDRIA in 500 mL of ocular irrigating solution. Irrigation solution is to be used as needed for the surgical procedure. ( 2 )
Side Effects (Adverse Reactions)
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The most common reported adverse reactions (≥2%) are eye irritation, posterior capsule opacification, increased intraocular pressure, and anterior chamber inflammation. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Rayner Surgical Inc. at 1-877-0MIDRIA or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Studies Experience Because clinical studies are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical studies of a drug cannot be directly compared to the rates in the clinical studies of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Table 1 shows frequently reported ocular adverse reactions with an incidence of ≥ 2% of adult patients as seen in the combined clinical trial results from three randomized, placebo-controlled studies [see Clinical Studies ( 14 )] . Table 1: Ocular Adverse Reactions Reported by ≥ 2% of Adult Patients MedDRA Preferred Term Placebo (N=462) Omidria (N=459) n (%) n (%) Ocular Events Anterior Chamber Inflammation 102 (22%) 111 (24%) Intraocular Pressure Increased 15 (3%) 20 (4%) Posterior Capsule Opacification 16 (4%) 18 (4%) Eye Irritation 6 (1%) 9 (2%) Foreign Body Sensation in Eyes 11 (2%) 8 (2%) In a safety study that enrolled 72 pediatric patients up to 3 years old, no overall difference in safety was observed between pediatric and adult patients.
Contraindications
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Omidria is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to any of its ingredients. Hypersensitivity to any component of this product ( 4 )
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary There are no available data on Omidria use in pregnant women or animals to inform any drug-associated risks. Oral administration of ketorolac to rats during late gestation produced dystocia and increased pup mortality at a dose 740-times the plasma exposure at the recommended human ophthalmic dose (RHOD). Since human systemic exposure to Omidria following a lens replacement procedure is low (see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)], the applicability of animal findings to the risk of Omidria in humans during pregnancy is unclear. Omidria should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Clinical Considerations Fetal/Neonatal Adverse Reactions Premature closure of the ductus arteriosus in the fetus has occurred with third trimester use of oral and injectable NSAIDs. Ketorolac plasma concentrations are detectable following ocular Omidria administration [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. The use of Omidria during late pregnancy should be avoided. .Q.a1a Animal Data No well-controlled animal reproduction studies have been conducted with Omidria or phenylephrine. Ketorolac, administered during organogenesis, did not cause embryofetal abnormalities or mortalities in rabbits or rats at oral doses of 3.6 mg/kg/day and 10 mg/kg/day, respectively. These doses produced systemic exposure that is 1150 times and 4960 times the plasma exposure (based on Cma,c) at the RHOD, respectively. When administered to rats during late gestation (after Day 17 of gestation) at oral doses up to 1.5 mg/kg/day (740 times the plasma exposure at the RHOD), ketorolac produced dystocia and increased pup mortality. Risk Summary There are no available data on Omidria use in pregnant women or animals to inform any drug-associated risks. Oral administration of ketorolac to rats during late gestation produced dystocia and increased pup mortality at a dose 740-times the plasma exposure at the recommended human ophthalmic dose...
Overdosage
10 OVERDOSAGE Systemic overdosage of phenylephrine may cause a rise in blood pressure. It may also cause headache, anxiety, nausea, vomiting, and ventricular arrhythmias. Supportive care is recommended.
How Supplied
16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING Omidria (phenylephrine and ketorolac intraocular solution) 1%/0.3% is supplied in a clear, 5-mL glass, single-patient-use vial containing 4 mL of sterile solution, for addition to ocular irrigating solution. Omidria is supplied in a multi-pack containing: 4 vials : NDC 82604-600-04 or 1 vials: NDC 82604-600-00 Storage: Store at 20˚ to 25˚C (68˚ to 77˚F). Protect from light.
About This Information
This drug information is sourced from FDA-approved labeling via the openFDA database. It is intended for educational and reference purposes only. This is not medical advice. Always consult your healthcare provider before making decisions about medication. Drug information may be updated by the FDA; check with your pharmacist for the most current information.
What are side effects?
Side effects are unwanted reactions that can occur when taking a medication. They range from mild (headache, nausea) to severe (allergic reactions, organ damage). Not everyone experiences side effects, and severity varies. Report any concerning side effects to your doctor.
What are drug interactions?
Drug interactions occur when a medication is affected by another drug, food, or supplement. Interactions can make medications less effective or cause dangerous side effects. Always tell your doctor about all medications and supplements you take.