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Oseltamavir Phosphate

FDA Drug Information • Also known as: Oseltamavir Phosphate

Brand Names
Oseltamavir Phosphate
Route
ORAL
Dosage Form
CAPSULE
Product Type
HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG

Description

11 DESCRIPTION Oseltamivir phosphate capsules, USP an influenza neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI), is available as:

  • Capsules containing 30 mg, 45 mg, or 75 mg oseltamivir for oral use, in the form of oseltamivir phosphate USP. In addition to the active ingredient, each capsule contains croscarmellose sodium, isopropyl alcohol, povidone, pregelatinised starch, sodium stearyl fumarate and talc. The 30 mg capsule shell contains gelatin, iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow, titanium dioxide. The 45 mg capsule shell contains gelatin, iron oxide black, titanium dioxide. The 75 mg capsule shell contains gelatin, iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow, titanium dioxide, iron oxide black. Each capsule is printed with blue ink, which includes shellac, propylene glycol and FD&C Blue No. 2 as the colorant. Oseltamivir phosphate, USP is a white crystalline solid with the chemical name (3R,4R,5S)-4-acetylamino-5-amino-3(1-ethylpropoxy)-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid, ethyl ester, phosphate (1:1). The chemical formula is C 16 H 28 N 2 O 4 (free base). The molecular weight is 312.4 for oseltamivir free base and 410.4 for oseltamivir phosphate salt. The structural formula is as follows: str

    • What Is Oseltamavir Phosphate Used For?

    1 INDICATIONS & USAGE Oseltamivir phosphate capsules USP, is an influenza neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) indicated for:

  • Treatment of acute, uncomplicated influenza A and B in patients 2 weeks of age and older who have been symptomatic for no more than 48 hours. ( 1.1 )
  • Prophylaxis of influenza A and B in patients 1 year and older. ( 1.2 ) Limitations of Use:
  • Not a substitute for annual influenza vaccination. ( 1.3 )
  • Consider available information on influenza drug susceptibility patterns and treatment effects when deciding whether to use. ( 1.3 )
  • Not recommended for patients with end-stage renal disease not undergoing dialysis. ( 1.3 ) 1.1 Treatment of Influenza Oseltamivir phosphate capsule is indicated for the treatment of acute, uncomplicated illness due to influenza A and B infection in patients 2 weeks of age and older who have been symptomatic for no more than 48 hours. 1.2 Prophylaxis of Influenza Oseltamivir phosphate capsule is indicated for the prophylaxis of influenza A and B in patients 1 year and older. 1.3 Limitations of Use
  • Oseltamivir phosphate capsule is not a substitute for early influenza vaccination on an annual basis as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices.
  • Influenza viruses change over time. Emergence of resistance substitutions could decrease drug effectiveness. Other factors (for example, changes in viral virulence) might also diminish clinical benefit of antiviral drugs. Prescribers should consider available information on influenza drug susceptibility patterns and treatment effects when deciding whether to use Oseltamivir phosphate capsules [ see Microbiology ( 12.4 ) ].
  • Oseltamivir phosphate capsule is not recommended for patients with end-stage renal disease not undergoing dialysis [ see Dosage and Administration ( 2.4 ) and Use in Specific Populations ( 8.6 ) ].

    • Dosage and Administration

    2 DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION Treatment of influenza ( 2.2 )

  • Adults and adolescents (13 years and older): 75 mg twice daily for 5 days
  • Pediatric patients 1 to 12 years of age: Based on weight twice daily for 5 days
  • Pediatric patients 2 weeks to less than 1 year of age: 3mg/kg twice daily for 5 days
  • Renally impaired adult patients (creatinine clearance >30-60 mL/min): Reduce to 30 mg twice daily for 5 days ( 2.4 )
  • Renally impaired adult patients (creatinine clearance >10-30 mL/min): Reduce to 30 mg once daily for 5 days ( 2.4 )
  • ESRD patients on hemodialysis: Reduce to 30 mg immediately and then 30 mg after every hemodialysis cycle. Treatment duration not to exceed 5 days ( 2.4 )
  • ESRD patients on CAPD: Reduce to a single 30 mg dose immediately ( 2.4 ) Prophylaxis of influenza ( 2.3 )
  • Adults and adolescents (13 years and older): 75 mg once daily for at least 10 days -Community outbreak: 75 mg once daily for up to 6 weeks
  • Pediatric patients 1 to 12 years of age: Based on weight once daily for 10 days -Community outbreak: Based on weight once daily for up to 6 weeks
  • Renally impaired adult patients (creatinine clearance >30-60 mL/min): Reduce to 30 mg once daily ( 2.4 )
  • Renally impaired adult patients (creatinine clearance >10-30 mL/min): Reduce to 30 mg once every other day ( 2.4 )
  • ESRD patients on hemodialysis: Reduce to 30 mg immediately and then 30 mg after alternate hemodialysis cycles for the recommended duration of prophylaxis ( 2.4 )
  • ESRD patients on CAPD: Reduce to 30 mg immediately and then 30 mg once weekly for the recommended duration of prophylaxis ( 2.4 ) 2.1 Dosage and Administration Overview Administer oseltamivir phosphate for the treatment of influenza in patients 2 weeks of age or older [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.2 )] or for prophylaxis of influenza in patients 1 year and older [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.3 )] using:
  • Oseltamivir phosphate capsules
  • Oseltamivir phosphate for oral suspension (supplied as a powder). This is the preferred formulation (6 mg per mL) for patients who cannot swallow capsules. The capsules and oral suspension may be taken with or without food; however, tolerability may be enhanced if oseltamivir phosphate capsules is taken with food. Adjust the oseltamivir phosphate dosage in patients with moderate or severe renal impairment [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.4 )]. For patients who cannot swallow capsules, oseltamivir phosphate for oral suspension is the preferred formulation. When oseltamivir phosphate for oral suspension is not available from wholesaler or the manufacturer, oseltamivir phosphate capsules may be opened and mixed with sweetened liquids such as regular or sugar-free chocolate syrup, corn syrup, caramel topping, or light brown sugar (dissolved in water). During emergency situations and when neither the oral suspension or the age-appropriate strengths of oseltamivir phosphate capsules to mix with sweetened liquids are available, then a pharmacist may...

    • Side Effects (Adverse Reactions)

    6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following serious adverse reactions are discussed below and elsewhere in the labeling:

  • Serious skin and hypersensitivity reactions [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ) ]
  • Neuropsychiatric events [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 ) ] Most common adverse reactions (>1% and more common than with placebo):
  • Treatment studies – Nausea, vomiting, headache. ( 6.1 )
  • Prophylaxis studies – Nausea, vomiting, headache, pain. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Macleods Pharma USA, Inc. at 1-888-943-3210 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Adverse Reactions from Treatment and Prophylaxis Trials in Adult and Adolescent Subjects (13 years of age and older) The overall safety profile of oseltamivir phosphate is based on data from 2,646 adult and adolescent subjects that received the recommended dosage of 75 mg orally twice daily for 5 days for treatment of influenza and 1,943 adult and adolescent subjects that received the recommended dosage of 75 mg orally once daily for up to 6 weeks for prophylaxis of influenza in clinical trials. The most common adverse reactions in the pooled treatment and pooled prophylaxis trials in adults and adolescents are displayed in Table 5. The majority of these adverse reactions were reported on a single occasion, occurred on either the first or second treatment day and resolved spontaneously within 1-2 days. This summary includes otherwise healthy adults/adolescents and subjects “at risk” (subjects at higher risk of developing complications associated with influenza, e.g., elderly patients and patients with chronic cardiac or respiratory disease). In general, the safety profile in the subjects “at risk” was qualitatively similar to that in otherwise healthy adults/adolescents. Table 5 Adverse Reactions Occurring in ≥1% of Adults and Adolescents (13 years of age and older) in Treatment and Prophylaxis Trials* System Organ Class Adverse Reaction Treatment Trials Prophylaxis Trials Oseltamivir phosphate 75 mg twice daily (n = 2646) Placebo (n = 1977) Oseltamivir phosphate 75 mg once daily (n = 1943) Placebo (n = 1586) Gastrointestinal Disorders Nausea 10% 6% 8% 4% Vomiting 8% 3% 2% 1% Nervous System Disorders Headache General Disorders Pain 2% <1% 1% <1% 17% 4% 16% 3% * Adverse reactions that occurred in ≥1% of oseltamivir phosphate-treated adults and adolescents and ≥1% greater in oseltamivir phosphate-treated subjects compared to placebo-treated subjects in either the treatment or prophylaxis trials. Adverse Reactions from Treatment and Prophylaxis Trials in Pediatric Subjects (1 year to 12 years of age) A total of 1,481 pediatric subjects (including otherwise healthy pediatric subjects aged 1 year to 12 years and asthmatic pediatric subjects aged 6 to 12 years) participated in clinical trials of oseltamivir phosphate for the treatment of influenza. A total of 859 pediatric subjects received treatment with oseltamivir phosphate for oral suspension either at a 2 mg per kg twice daily for 5 days or weight-band dosing. Vomiting was the only adverse reaction reported at a frequency of >1% in subjects receiving oseltamivir phosphate (16%) compared to placebo (8%). Amongst the 148 pediatric subjects aged 1 year to 12 years who received oseltamivir phosphate at doses of 30 to 60 mg once daily for 10 days in a post-exposure prophylaxis study in household contacts (n = 99), and in a separate 6– week seasonal influenza prophylaxis safety study (n = 49), vomiting was the most frequent adverse reaction (8% on oseltamivir phosphate versus 2% in the no prophylaxis group). Adverse Reactions from Treatment Trials in Pediatric Subjects (2 weeks to less than 1 year of age...

    • Drug Interactions

    7 DRUG INTERACTIONS Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV), intranasal: Avoid administration of LAIV within 2 weeks before or 48 hours after oseltamivir phosphate capsules use, unless medically indicated. ( 7 ) 7.1 Influenza Vaccines Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine The concurrent use of oseltamivir phosphate capsules with live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) intranasal has not been evaluated. However, because of the potential for oseltamivir phosphate capsules to inhibit replication of live vaccine virus and possibly reduce the efficacy of LAIV, avoid administration of LAIV within 2 weeks before or 48 hours after oseltamivir phosphate capsules administration, unless medically indicated. Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Inactivated influenza vaccine can be administered at any time relative to use of oseltamivir phosphate capsules. 7.2 Drugs Without Clinically Significant Drug Interaction with Oseltamivir Phosphate Capsules No dose adjustments are needed for either oseltamivir or the concomitant drug when coadministering oseltamivir with amoxicillin, acetaminophen, aspirin, cimetidine, antacids (magnesium and aluminum hydroxides and calcium carbonates), rimantadine, amantadine, or warfarin [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )] .

    Contraindications

    4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Oseltamivir phosphate capsules are contraindicated in patients with known serious hypersensitivity to oseltamivir or any component of the product. Severe allergic reactions have included anaphylaxis and serious skin reactions including toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, and erythema multiforme [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] . Patients with known serious hypersensitivity to oseltamivir or any of the components of oseltamivir phosphate capsules ( 4 )

    Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

    8.1 Pregnancy Pregnancy Category C Risk Summary There are no adequate and well-controlled studies with oseltamivir phosphate in pregnant women. Available published epidemiological data suggest that oseltamivir phosphate, taken in any trimester, is not associated with an increased risk of birth defects. However, these studies individually are limited by small sample sizes, use of different comparison groups, and some lacked information on dose, which preclude a definitive assessment of the risk. In animal studies, there was a dose-dependent increase in the incidence rates of a variety of minor skeletal abnormalities and variants in offspring of rats and rabbits exposed at maternally toxic doses 100 and 50 times human exposures, respectively. Oseltamivir phosphate should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )] . Clinical Considerations Disease-Associated Maternal and/or Embryo/Fetal Risk Pregnant women are at higher risk of severe complications from influenza, which may lead to adverse pregnancy and/or fetal outcomes including maternal death, still births, birth defects, preterm delivery, low birth weight and small for gestational age. Data Human Data Published prospective and retrospective observational studies of approximately 1,500 women exposed to oseltamivir phosphate during pregnancy, including approximately 400 women exposed in the first trimester, suggest that the observed rate of congenital malformations was not increased above the rate in the general comparison population, regardless of when therapy was administered during the gestational period. However, individually, none of these studies had adequate sample sizes and some lacked information on dose, which preclude a definitive assessment of the risk. Animal Data Studies for effects on embryo-fetal development were conducted in rats (50, 250, and 1500 mg/kg/day) and rabbits (50, 150, and 500 mg/kg/day) by the...

    8.3 Nursing Mothers Risk Summary Based on limited published data, oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate are present in human milk at low levels considered unlikely to lead to toxicity in the breastfed infant. Exercise caution when oseltamivir phosphate capsules are administered to a nursing woman.

    Overdosage

    10 OVERDOSAGE Reports of overdoses with oseltamivir phosphate have been received from clinical trials and during postmarketing experience. In the majority of cases reporting overdose, no adverse reactions were reported. Adverse reactions reported following overdose were similar in nature to those observed with therapeutic doses of oseltamivir phosphate [see Adverse Reactions ( 6 )] .

    How Supplied

    16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING Oseltamivir Phosphate Capsules, USP : 75 mg 75-mg capsules (75 mg free base equivalent of the phosphate salt): Light yellow cap and grey body size ‘2’ hard gelatin capsules containing white to off white granules with “75mg” on cap and “M55” on body imprinted with blue ink. Available in blister packages of 10 (NDC 71205-107-10), bottles of 30 (NDC 71205-107-30), bottles of 60 (NDC 71205-107-60), and bottles of 90 (NDC 71205-107-90). Storage Store capsules at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F); excursions permitted within 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].

    About This Information

    This drug information is sourced from FDA-approved labeling via the openFDA database. It is intended for educational and reference purposes only. This is not medical advice. Always consult your healthcare provider before making decisions about medication. Drug information may be updated by the FDA; check with your pharmacist for the most current information.

    What are side effects?

    Side effects are unwanted reactions that can occur when taking a medication. They range from mild (headache, nausea) to severe (allergic reactions, organ damage). Not everyone experiences side effects, and severity varies. Report any concerning side effects to your doctor.

    What are drug interactions?

    Drug interactions occur when a medication is affected by another drug, food, or supplement. Interactions can make medications less effective or cause dangerous side effects. Always tell your doctor about all medications and supplements you take.