Milrinone Lactate

Description

DESCRIPTION Milrinone lactate is a member of a new class of bipyridine is inotropic/vasodilator agents with phosphodiesterase inhibitor activity, distinct from digitalis glycosides or catecholamines. Milrinone lactate is designated chemically as 1,6-dihydro-2-methyl-6-oxo-[3,4'-bipyridine]-5-carbonitrile lactate and has the following structure: Milrinone is an off-white to tan crystalline compound with a molecular weight of 211.2 and a molecular formula of C 12 H 9 N 3 O. It is freely soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide, very slightly soluble in methanol, practically insoluble in water and in chloroform. As the lactate salt, it is stable and colorless to pale yellow in solution. Milrinone is available as sterile aqueous solutions of the lactate salt of milrinone for infusion intravenously. The flexible containers provide two ready-to-use dilutions of milrinone in volumes of 100 mL and 200 mL of 5% Dextrose Injection. Each mL contains milrinone lactate equivalent to 200 mcg milrinone. The nominal concentration of lactic acid is 0.282 mg/mL. Each mL also contains 54.3 mg Dextrose Hydrous, USP. The pH is adjusted with lactic acid and/or sodium hydroxide pH 3.5 (3.2 to 4.0). The flexible container is manufactured from a specially designed multilayer plastic. Solutions in contact with the plastic container leach out certain chemical components from the plastic in very small amounts; however, biological testing was supportive of the safety of the plastic container materials. The flexible container has a foil overwrap. Water can permeate the plastic into the overwrap, but the amount is insufficient to significantly affect the premixed solution. milrinone-spl-structure

What Is Milrinone Lactate Used For?

INDICATIONS AND USAGE Milrinone is indicated for the short-term intravenous treatment of patients with acute decompensated heart failure. Patients receiving milrinone should be observed closely with appropriate electrocardiographic equipment. The facility for immediate treatment of potential cardiac events, which may include life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, must be available. The majority of experience with intravenous milrinone has been in patients receiving digoxin and diuretics. There is no experience in controlled trials with infusions of milrinone for periods exceeding 48 hours.

Dosage and Administration

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Milrinone should be administered with a loading dose followed by a continuous infusion (maintenance dose) according to the following guidelines: Loading Dose 50 mcg/kg: Administer slowly over 10 minutes Note: Milrinone (200 mcg per mL) in Plastic Container is for intravenous infusion only. Dosage recommendations using a 1 mg per mL concentration of milrinone are included for informational purposes only. The table below shows the loading dose in milliliters (mL) of milrinone (1 mg per mL) by patient body weight (kg). Loading Dose (mL) Using 1 mg per mL Concentration Patient Body Weight (kg) kg 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 mL 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 The loading dose may be given undiluted, but diluting to a rounded total volume of 10 or 20 mL (see appropriate package insert for diluents) may simplify the visualization of the injection rate. Maintenance Dose Infusion Rate Total Daily Dose(24 Hours) Minimum 0.375 mcg/kg/min 0.59 mg/kg Administer as acontinuous intravenousinfusion Standard 0.50 mcg/kg/min 0.77 mg/kg Maximum 0.75 mcg/kg/min 1.13 mg/kg The infusion rate should be adjusted according to hemodynamic and clinical response. Patients should be closely monitored. In controlled clinical studies, most patients showed an improvement in hemodynamic status as evidenced by increases in cardiac output and reductions in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. Note: See “Dosage Adjustment in Renally Impaired Patients.” Dosage may be titrated to the maximum hemodynamic effect and should not exceed 1.13 mg/kg/day. Duration of therapy should depend upon patient responsiveness. The maintenance dose in mL/hr by patient body weight (kg) may be determined by reference to the following table. Milrinone Infusion Rate (mL/hr) Using 200 mcg per mL Concentration Maintenance Dose(mcg/kg/min) Patient Body Weight (kg) 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 0.375 3.4 4.5 5.6 6.8 7.9 9 10.1 11.3 12.4 13.5 0.400 3.6 4.8 6 7.2 8.4 9.6 10.8 12 13.2 14.4 0.500 4.5 6 7.5 9 10.5 12 13.5 15 16.5 18 0.600 5.4 7.2 9 10.8 12.6 14.4 16.2 18 19.8 21.6 0.700 6.3 8.4 10.5 12.6 14.7 16.8 18.9 21 23.1 25.2 0.750 6.8 9 11.3 13.5 15.8 18 20.3 22.5 24.8 27 Dosage Adjustment in Renally Impaired Patients Data obtained from patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance = 0 to 30 mL/min) but without congestive heart failure have demonstrated that the presence of renal impairment significantly increases the terminal elimination half-life of milrinone. Reductions in infusion rate may be necessary in patients with renal impairment. For patients with clinical evidence of renal impairment, the recommended infusion rate can be obtained from the following table: Creatinine Clearance (mL/min/1.73 m 2 ) Infusion Rate (mcg/kg/min) 5 0.20 10 0.23 20 0.28 30 0.33 40 0.38 50 0.43 Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. Milrinone Lactate in 5%...

Side Effects (Adverse Reactions)

ADVERSE REACTIONS Cardiovascular Effects In patients receiving milrinone in Phase II and III clinical trials, ventricular arrhythmias were reported in 12.1%: Ventricular ectopic activity, 8.5%; nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, 2.8%; sustained ventricular tachycardia, 1% and ventricular fibrillation, 0.2% (2 patients experienced more than one type of arrhythmia). Holter recordings demonstrated that in some patients injection of milrinone increased ventricular ectopy, including nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. Life-threatening arrhythmias were infrequent and when present have been associated with certain underlying factors such as preexisting arrhythmias, metabolic abnormalities (e.g. hypokalemia), abnormal digoxin levels and catheter insertion. Milrinone was not shown to be arrhythmogenic in an electro physiology study. Supraventricular arrhythmias were reported in 3.8% of the patients receiving milrinone. The incidence of both supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias has not been related to the dose or plasma milrinone concentration. Other cardio vascular adverse reactions include hypotension, 2.9% and angina/chest pain, 1.2%. In the post-marketing experience, there have been rare cases of “torsades de pointes” reported. CNS Effects Headaches, usually mild to moderate in severity, have been reported in 2.9% of patients receiving milrinone. Other Effects Other adverse reactions reported, but not definitely related to the administration of milrinone include hypokalemia, 0.6%; tremor, 0.4%; and thrombocytopenia, 0.4%. Post-Marketing Adverse Event Reports In addition to adverse events reported from clinical trials, the following events have been reported from worldwide post-marketing experience with Milrinone: Isolated spontaneous reports of bronchospasm and anaphylactic shock. Liver function test abnormalities and skin reactions such as rash. Administration site conditions: Infusion site reaction. To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Gland Pharma at 864-879-9994 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch .

Drug Interactions

Drug Interactions No untoward clinical manifestations have been observed in limited experience with patients in whom milrinone was used concurrently with the following drugs: digitalis glycosides; lidocaine, quinidine; hydralazine, prazosin; isosorbide dinitrate, nitroglycerin; chlorthalidone, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, spironolactone; captopril; heparin, warfarin, diazepam, insulin; and potassium supplements.

Contraindications

CONTRAINDICATIONS Milrinone is contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to it. Solutions containing dextrose may be contraindicated in patients with known allergy to corn or corn products.

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Pregnancy Oral administration of milrinone to pregnant rats and rabbits during organogenesis produced no evidence of teratogenicity at dose levels up to 40 mg/kg/day and 12 mg/kg/day, respectively. Milrinone did not appear to be teratogenic when administered intravenously to pregnant rats at doses up to 3 mg/kg/day (about 2.5 times the maximum recommended clinical intravenous dose) or pregnant rabbits at doses up to 12 mg/kg/day, although an increased resorption rate was apparent at both 8 mg/kg/day and 12 mg/kg/day (intravenous) in the latter species. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Milrinone should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Nursing Mothers Caution should be exercised when milrinone is administered to nursing women, since it is not known whether it is excreted in human milk.

Overdosage

OVERDOSAGE Doses of milrinone may produce hypotension because of its vasodilator effect. If this occurs, administration of milrinone should be reduced or temporarily discontinued until the patient's condition stabilizes. No specific antidote is known, but general measures for circulatory support should be taken.

How Supplied

HOW SUPPLIED Milrinone Lactate in 5% Dextrose Injection, is supplied in single port infusion bags as follows: NDC Milrinone Lactate in 5% Dextrose Injection (200 mcg (0.2 mg) per mL) Package Factor 68083-410-10 20 mg per 100 mL Single-Dose flexible container bag 10 bags per carton 68083-411-10 40 mg per 200 mL Single-Dose flexible container bag 10 bags per carton Storage Conditions Exposure of pharmaceutical products to heat should be minimized. Avoid excessive heat. Protect from freezing. It is recommended that the product be stored at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]; however, brief exposure up to 40°C (104°F) does not adversely affect the product. Discard unused portion. Sterile, Nonpyrogenic, Preservative-free, DEHP-free, PVC-free. The container and container closure are not made with natural rubber latex. Manufactured by: Gland Pharma Limited D.P. Pally, Dundigal post, Hyderabad-500 043, India. Revised: July 2020