Magnesium Sulfate In Water For
FDA Drug Information • Also known as: Magnesium Sulfate
- Brand Names
- Magnesium Sulfate
- Route
- INTRAVENOUS
- Dosage Form
- INJECTION
- Product Type
- HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG
Description
DESCRIPTION Magnesium sulfate in water for injection is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, clear and colorless solution of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, USP in water for injection, USP. May contain sulfuric acid and/or sodium hydroxide for pH adjustment. The pH is 4.5 (3.5 to 6.5). It is available in 4% concentration. See HOW SUPPLIED section for the content and characteristics of available dosage forms and sizes. Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate is chemically designated as MgSO 4
What Is Magnesium Sulfate In Water For Used For?
INDICATIONS AND USAGE Magnesium sulfate in water for injection is indicated for the prevention and control of seizures in preeclampsia and eclampsia, respectively. When used judiciously it effectively prevents and controls the convulsions of eclampsia without producing deleterious depression of the central nervous system of the mother or infant. However, other effective drugs are available for this purpose.
Dosage and Administration
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Magnesium sulfate in water for injection is intended for intravenous use only. For the management of pre-eclampsia or eclampsia, intravenous infusions of dilute solutions of magnesium (1% to 8%) are often given in combination with intramuscular injections of 50% Magnesium Sulfate Injection, USP. Therefore, in the clinical conditions cited below, both forms of therapy are noted, as appropriate. Continuous maternal administration of magnesium sulfate in pregnancy beyond 5 to 7 days can cause fetal abnormalities. In Eclampsia In severe pre-eclampsia or eclampsia, the total initial dose is 10 g to 14 g of magnesium sulfate. To initiate therapy, 4 g of Magnesium sulfate in water for injection may be administered intravenously. The rate of intravenous infusion should generally not exceed 150 mg/minute, or 3.75 mL of a 4% concentration (or its equivalent) per minute, except in severe eclampsia with seizures. Simultaneously, 4 g to 5 g (32.5 mEq to 40.6 mEq) of magnesium sulfate may be administered intramuscularly into each buttock using undiluted 50% Magnesium Sulfate Injection, USP. After the initial intravenous dose, some clinicians administer 1 g/hour to 2 g/hour by constant intravenous infusion. Subsequent intramuscular doses of 4 g to 5 g of magnesium sulfate may be injected into alternate buttocks every four hours, depending on the continuing presence of the patellar reflex, adequate respiratory function, and absence of signs of magnesium toxicity. Therapy should continue until paroxysms cease. A serum magnesium level of 6 mg/100 mL is considered optimal for control of seizures. A total daily (24 hr) dose of 30 g to 40 g magnesium sulfate should not be exceeded. In the presence of severe renal insufficiency, frequent serum magnesium concentrations must be obtained and the maximum dosage of magnesium sulfate is 20 g per 48 hours. Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. Do not administer unless solution is clear. Discard unused portion.
Side Effects (Adverse Reactions)
ADVERSE REACTIONS The adverse effects of parenterally administered magnesium usually are the result of magnesium intoxication. These include flushing, sweating, hypotension, depressed reflexes, flaccid paralysis, hypothermia, circulatory collapse, cardiac and central nervous system depression proceeding to respiratory paralysis. Hypocalcemia with signs of tetany secondary to magnesium sulfate therapy for eclampsia has been reported.
Warnings and Precautions
WARNINGS FETAL HARM: Continuous administration of magnesium sulfate beyond 5 to 7 days to pregnant women can lead to hypocalcemia and bone abnormalities in the developing fetus. These bone abnormalities include skeletal demineralization and osteopenia. In addition, cases of neonatal fracture have been reported. The shortest duration of treatment that can lead to fetal harm is not known. Magnesium sulfate should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. If magnesium sulfate is given for treatment of preterm labor, the woman should be informed that the efficacy and safety of such use have not been established and that use of magnesium sulfate beyond 5 to 7 days may cause fetal abnormalities. Parenteral use in the presence of renal insufficiency may lead to magnesium intoxication.
Contraindications
CONTRAINDICATIONS Intravenous magnesium should not be given to mothers with toxemia of pregnancy during the two hours preceding delivery.
Overdosage
OVERDOSAGE Magnesium intoxication is manifested by a sharp drop in blood pressure and respiratory paralysis. Disappearance of the patellar reflex is a useful clinical sign to detect the onset of magnesium intoxication. In the event of overdosage, artificial ventilation must be provided until a calcium salt can be injected intravenous to antagonize the effects of magnesium. For Treatment of Overdose Artificial respiration is often required. Intravenous calcium, 10 mL to 20 mL of a 5% solution (diluted if desirable) with isotonic sodium chloride for injection) is used to counteract effects of hypermagnesemia. Subcutaneous physostigmine, 0.5 mg to 1 mg may be helpful. Hypermagnesemia in the newborn may require resuscitation and assisted ventilation via endotracheal intubation or intermittent positive pressure ventilation as well as intravenous calcium.
How Supplied
HOW SUPPLIED Magnesium Sulfate in Water for Injection is clear and colorless solution filled in intravenous bag and are supplied as 2 g/50 mL (40 mg/mL) and 4 g/100 mL (40 mg/mL). Each 50 mL contains 2 g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, USP (equivalent to 16.25 mEq magnesium) in water for injection and each 100 mL contains 4 g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, USP (equivalent to 32.5 mEq magnesium) in water for injection. It is available as follows: Strength Each Unit of Sale 2 g/50 mL (40 mg/mL) NDC 70121-1719-1 1 Single-dose Intravenous Bag in an Overwrap NDC 70121-1719-9 Unit of 24 NDC 70121-1719-2 Unit of 15 4 g/100 mL (40 mg/mL) NDC 70121-1720-1 1 Single-dose Intravenous Bag in an Overwrap NDC 70121-1720-9 Unit of 24 NDC 70121-1720-3 Unit of 12 For more details, please see below table: NDC No. Size Total Magnesium Sulfate Total Magnesium Ion Magnesium Sulfate Concentration Magnesium Ion Concentration Osmolarity (cal.) 70121-1719-1 50 mL 2 g 16.25 mEq 40 mg/mL 16.25 mEq/50 mL 325 mOsmol/Liter 70121-1720-1 100 mL 4 g 32.5 mEq 40 mg/mL 32.5 mEq/100 mL 325 mOsmol/Liter WARNING: DO NOT USE FLEXIBLE CONTAINER IN SERIES CONNECTIONS. Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Avoid excessive heat. Protect from freezing.
About This Information
This drug information is sourced from FDA-approved labeling via the openFDA database. It is intended for educational and reference purposes only. This is not medical advice. Always consult your healthcare provider before making decisions about medication. Drug information may be updated by the FDA; check with your pharmacist for the most current information.
What are side effects?
Side effects are unwanted reactions that can occur when taking a medication. They range from mild (headache, nausea) to severe (allergic reactions, organ damage). Not everyone experiences side effects, and severity varies. Report any concerning side effects to your doctor.
What are drug interactions?
Drug interactions occur when a medication is affected by another drug, food, or supplement. Interactions can make medications less effective or cause dangerous side effects. Always tell your doctor about all medications and supplements you take.