Levoleucovorin Injection

FDA Drug Information • Also known as: Levoleucovorin Calcium

Brand Names: Levoleucovorin Calcium
Route: INTRAVENOUS
Dosage Form: INJECTION, SOLUTION
Product Type: HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG

Description

11 DESCRIPTION Levoleucovorin is a folate analog and the pharmacologically active levo-isomer of d,l-leucovorin. The chemical name of levoleucovorin calcium is calcium (6S)-N-{4-[[(2-amino-5-formyl-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-4-oxo-6-pteridinyl)methyl] amino]benzoyl}-L-glutamate mixed hydrates. The molecular formula is C 20 H 21 CaN 7 O 7 ●nH 2 O (n = 3.2 to 5.8) and the molecular weight is 569.1 to 616.0. The molecular structure is: Levoleucovorin injection, for intravenous use is supplied as a colorless to faint yellow solution of either 175 mg levoleucovorin in 17.5 mL or 250 mg levoleucovorin in 25 mL per single-dose vial. Each mL contains 10 mg levoleucovorin (equivalent to 10.8 mg levoleucovorin calcium (as mixed hydrates)) and 8.3 mg sodium chloride. Sodium hydroxide is used for pH adjustment to pH 8.2 (6.5 to 8.5). Chemical Structure

What Is Levoleucovorin Injection Used For?

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Levoleucovorin injection is indicated for: rescue after high-dose methotrexate therapy in adult and pediatric patients with osteosarcoma. diminishing the toxicity associated with overdosage of folic acid antagonists or impaired methotrexate elimination in adult and pediatric patients. the treatment of adults with metastatic colorectal cancer in combination with fluorouracil. Limitations of Use: Levoleucovorin injection is not indicated for pernicious anemia and megaloblastic anemia secondary to the lack of vitamin B 12, because of the risk of progression of neurologic manifestations despite hematologic remission. Levoleucovorin injection is a folate analog indicated for: Rescue after high-dose methotrexate therapy in adult and pediatric patients with osteosarcoma. ( 1 ) Diminishing the toxicity associated with overdosage of folic acid antagonists or impaired methotrexate elimination in adult and pediatric patients. ( 1 ) Treatment of adults with metastatic colorectal cancer in combination with fluorouracil. ( 1 ) Limitations of Use: Levoleucovorin injection is not indicated for the treatment of pernicious anemia and megaloblastic anemia secondary to lack of vitamin B 12 , because of the risk of progression of neurologic manifestations despite hematologic remission. ( 1 )

Dosage and Administration

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION For intravenous administration only. Do not administer intrathecally. ( 2.1 ) Rescue After High-Dose Methotrexate Therapy Rescue recommendations are based on methotrexate dose of 12 grams/m 2 administered by intravenous infusion over 4 hours. Initiate rescue at a dose of 7.5 mg (approximately 5 mg/m 2 ) every 6 hours, 24 hours after the beginning of methotrexate infusion. ( 2.3 ) Continue until the methotrexate level is below 5 x 10 -8 M (0.05 micromolar). Adjust dose if necessary based on methotrexate elimination; refer to Full Prescribing Information. ( 2.3 ) Overdosage of Folic Acid Antagonists or Impaired Methotrexate Elimination Start as soon as possible after methotrexate overdosage or within 24 hours of delayed methotrexate elimination. ( 2.4 ) Administer levoleucovorin injection 7.5 mg (approximately 5 mg/m 2 ) intravenously every 6 hours until methotrexate level is less than 5 x 10 -8 M (0.05 micromolar). ( 2.4 ) Metastatic Colorectal Cancer in Combination with Fluorouracil The following regimens have been used for the treatment of colorectal cancer: Levoleucovorin injection 100 mg/m 2 by intravenous injection over a minimum of 3 minutes, followed by fluorouracil 370 mg/m 2 once daily for 5 consecutive days. ( 2.5 ) Levoleucovorin injection 10 mg/m 2 by intravenous injection followed by fluorouracil 425 mg/m 2 once daily for 5 consecutive days. ( 2.5 ) Administer Fluorouracil and levoleucovorin injection separately to avoid the formation of precipitate. The above five-day courses may be repeated every 4 weeks for 2 courses, then every 4 to 5 weeks, if the patient has recovered from toxicity from the prior course. Do not adjust levoleucovorin injection dosage for toxicity. ( 2.5 ) 2.1 Important Use Information Levoleucovorin injection is indicated for intravenous administration only . Do not administer intrathecally . 2.2 Co-administration of Levoleucovorin Injection with Other Agents Due to the risk of precipitation, do not co-administer levoleucovorin injection with other agents in the same admixture. 2.3 Recommended Dosage for Rescue After High-Dose Methotrexate Therapy The recommended dosage for levoleucovorin injection is based on a methotrexate dose of 12 grams/m 2 administered by intravenous infusion over 4 hours. Twenty-four hours after starting the methotrexate infusion, initiate levoleucovorin injection at a dose of 7.5 mg (approximately 5 mg/m 2 ) as an intravenous infusion every 6 hours. Monitor serum creatinine and methotrexate levels at least once daily. Continue levoleucovorin injection administration, hydration, and urinary alkalinization (pH of 7 or greater) until the methotrexate level is below 5 x 10 -8 M (0.05 micromolar). Adjust the levoleucovorin injection dose or extend the duration as recommended in Table 1 . Table 1: Recommended Dosage for Levoleucovorin Injection based on Serum Methotrexate and Creatinine Levels Clinical Situation Laboratory Findings Recommendation Normal Methotrexate...

Side Effects (Adverse Reactions)

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following clinically significant adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling: Hypercalcemia [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] Increased gastrointestinal toxicities with fluorouracil [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) in patients receiving high-dose methotrexate therapy with levoleucovorin rescue are stomatitis and vomiting. ( 6.1 ) The most common adverse reactions (>50%) in patients receiving levoleucovorin in combination with fluorouracil for metastatic colorectal cancer are stomatitis, diarrhea, and nausea. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Slate Run Pharmaceuticals at 1-800-341-9214 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. High-Dose Methotrexate Therapy Table 2 presents the frequency of adverse reactions which occurred during the administration of 58 courses of high-dose methotrexate 12 grams/m 2 followed by levoleucovorin rescue for osteosarcoma in 16 patients aged 6 to 21 years. Most patients received levoleucovorin 7.5 mg every 6 hours for 60 hours or longer, beginning 24 hours after completion of methotrexate administration. Table 2 Adverse Reactions with High-Dose Methotrexate Therapy Adverse Reactions Levoleucovorin n = 16 All Grades (%) Grades 3-4 (%) Gastrointestinal Stomatitis 38 6 Vomiting 38 0 Nausea 19 0 Diarrhea 6 0 Dyspepsia 6 0 Typhlitis 6 6 Respiratory Dyspnea 6 0 Skin and Appendages Dermatitis 6 0 Other Confusion 6 0 Neuropathy 6 0 Renal function abnormal 6 0 Taste perversion 6 0 Combination with Fluorouracil in Colorectal Cancer Table 3 presents the frequency of adverse reaction which occurred in 2 arms of a randomized controlled trial conducted by the North Central Cancer Treatment Group (NCCTG) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. The trial failed to show superior overall survival with fluorouracil + levoleucovorin compared to fluorouracil + d,l -leucovorin. Patients were randomized to fluorouracil 370 mg/m 2 intravenously and levoleucovorin 100 mg/m 2 intravenously, both daily for 5 days, or to fluorouracil 370 mg/m 2 intravenously and d,l -leucovorin 200 mg/m 2 intravenously, both daily for 5 days. Treatment was repeated week 4 and week 8, and then every 5 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Table 3 Adverse Reactions Occurring in ≥ 10% of Patients in Either Arm 1 Includes abdominal pain, upper abdominal pain, lower abdominal pain, and abdominal tenderness Adverse Reaction Levoleucovorin/fluorouracil n=318 d,l -Leucovorin/fluorouracil n=307 Grades 1-4 (%) Grades 3-4 (%) Grades 1-4 (%) Grades 3-4 (%) Gastrointestinal Disorders Stomatitis 72 12 72 14 Diarrhea 70 19 65 17 Nausea 62 8 61 8 Vomiting 40 5 37 6 Abdominal Pain 1 14 3 19 3 General Disorders Asthenia/Fatigue/Malaise 29 5 32 11 Skin Disorders Dermatitis 29 1 28 1 Alopecia 26 0.3 28 1 Metabolism and Nutrition Anorexia/Decreased Appetite 24 4 25 2 6.2 Postmarketing Experience The following adverse reaction have been identified during postapproval use of levoleucovorin products. Because these reactions are reported from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Dermatologic: pruritus, rash Respiratory: dyspnea Other: temperature change, rigors, allergic reactions

Drug Interactions

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS 7.1 Effects of Leucovorin Products on Other Drugs Antiepileptic Drugs Folic acid in large amounts may counteract the antiepileptic effect of phenobarbital, phenytoin and primidone and increase the frequency of seizures in susceptible children. It is not known whether folinic acid has the same effects; however, both folic and folinic acids share some common metabolic pathways. Monitor patients taking folinic acid in combination with antiepileptic drugs. Fluorouracil Leucovorin products increase the toxicity of fluorouracil. Do not initiate or continue therapy with levoleucovorin and fluorouracil in patients with symptoms of gastrointestinal toxicity until those symptoms have resolved. Monitor patients with diarrhea until the diarrhea has resolved, as rapid deterioration leading to death can occur [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )]. Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole The concomitant use of d,l -leucovorin with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for the acute treatment of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in patients with HIV infection was associated with increased rates of treatment failure and morbidity in a placebo-controlled study [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] .

Contraindications

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Levoleucovorin is contraindicated in patients who have had severe hypersensitivity to leucovorin products, folic acid or folinic acid [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.2 )] . Patients who have had severe hypersensitivity reactions to leucovorin products, folic acid or folinic acid. ( 4 )

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary There are limited data with levoleucovorin use in pregnant women. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with levoleucovorin. Levoleucovorin is administered in combination with methotrexate or fluorouracil, which can cause embryo-fetal harm. Refer to methotrexate and fluorouracil prescribing information for additional information. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.

Overdosage

2.4 Recommended Dosage for Overdosage of Folic Acid Antagonists or Impaired Methotrexate Elimination Start levoleucovorin injection as soon as possible after an overdosage of methotrexate or within 24 hours of methotrexate administration when methotrexate elimination is impaired. As the time interval between methotrexate administration and levoleucovorin injection increases, the effectiveness of levoleucovorin injection to diminish methotrexate toxicity may decrease. Administer levoleucovorin injection 7.5 mg (approximately 5 mg/m 2 ) by intravenous infusion every 6 hours until the serum methotrexate level is less than 5 x 10 -8 M (0.05 micromolar). Monitor serum creatinine and methotrexate levels at least every 24 hours. Increase the dosage of levoleucovorin injection to 50 mg/m 2 intravenously every 3 hours and continue levoleucovorin injection at this dosage until the methotrexate level is less than 5 x 10 -8 M for the following: if serum creatinine at 24-hours increases 50% or more compared to baseline if the methotrexate level at 24-hours is greater than 5 x 10 -6 M if the methotrexate level at 48-hours is greater than 9 x 10 -7 M, Continue concomitant hydration (3 L per day) and urinary alkalinization with sodium bicarbonate. Adjust the sodium bicarbonate dose to maintain urine pH at 7 or greater.

How Supplied

16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING Levoleucovorin injection is a sterile colorless to faint yellow solution in a single-dose vial available as: 175 mg/17.5 mL (10 mg/mL) solution – NDC 70436-209-80 250 mg/25 mL (10 mg/mL) solution – NDC 70436-210-80 Store in refrigerator at 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F). Protect from light. Store in carton until contents are used. Manufactured by: Hainan Poly Pharm. Co., Ltd. Hainan Province, China, 571127 Distributed by: Slate Run Pharmaceuticals, LLC Columbus, Ohio 43215

About This Information

This drug information is sourced from FDA-approved labeling via the openFDA database. It is intended for educational and reference purposes only. This is not medical advice. Always consult your healthcare provider before making decisions about medication. Drug information may be updated by the FDA; check with your pharmacist for the most current information.

What are side effects?

Side effects are unwanted reactions that can occur when taking a medication. They range from mild (headache, nausea) to severe (allergic reactions, organ damage). Not everyone experiences side effects, and severity varies. Report any concerning side effects to your doctor.

What are drug interactions?

Drug interactions occur when a medication is affected by another drug, food, or supplement. Interactions can make medications less effective or cause dangerous side effects. Always tell your doctor about all medications and supplements you take.