Insulin Glargine And Lixisenatide

FDA Drug Information • Also known as: Soliqua 100/33

Brand Names: Soliqua 100/33
Drug Class: Insulin Analog [EPC], GLP-1 Receptor Agonist [EPC]
Route: SUBCUTANEOUS
Dosage Form: INJECTION, SOLUTION
Product Type: HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG

Description

11 DESCRIPTION SOLIQUA 100/33 is a combination of insulin glargine, an insulin analog, and lixisenatide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist. Insulin glargine is a human insulin analog produced by recombinant DNA technology utilizing a nonpathogenic laboratory strain of Escherichia coli (K12) as the production organism. The minimum potency of insulin glargine is NLT 15 units/mg. Insulin glargine differs from human insulin in that the amino acid asparagine at position A21 is replaced by glycine and two arginines are added at the C-terminus of the B-chain. Insulin glargine has low aqueous solubility at neutral pH. At pH 4 insulin glargine is completely soluble. It has a molecular weight of 6.063 kDa. Lixisenatide is a synthetic analogue of human GLP-1, which acts as a GLP-1 receptor agonist. Lixisenatide is a protein containing 44 amino acids, which is amidated at the C-terminal amino acid (position 44) and has a molecular weight of 4.8585 kDa. SOLIQUA 100/33 (insulin glargine and lixisenatide) injection is a sterile, colorless to almost colorless solution for subcutaneous use. SOLIQUA 100/33 is supplied as a prefilled single-patient-use disposable pen contain 300 units of insulin glargine and 100 mcg of lixisenatide in 3 mL of a clear, colorless to almost colorless, sterile, and aqueous solution. Each mL contains 100 units of insulin glargine and 33 mcg of lixisenatide and the inactive ingredients: glycerol (20 mg), metacresol (2.7 mg), methionine (3 mg), zinc (30 mcg), and Water for Injection, USP. Hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide may be added to adjust the pH. The approximate pH is 4.5.

What Is Insulin Glargine And Lixisenatide Used For?

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE SOLIQUA 100/33 is a combination of insulin glargine and lixisenatide and is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. SOLIQUA 100/33 is a combination of insulin glargine, an insulin analog, and lixisenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( 1 ) Limitations of Use ( 1 ) : Concomitant use in combination with any other product containing a GLP-1 receptor agonist is not recommended. Not recommended for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. Has not been studied in combination with prandial insulin. Limitations of Use : SOLIQUA 100/33 contains lixisenatide. Coadministration with any other product containing lixisenatide or another glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist is not recommended [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] . SOLIQUA 100/33 is not recommended for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. SOLIQUA 100/33 has not been studied in combination with prandial insulin.

Dosage and Administration

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Inject subcutaneously once a day within the hour prior to the first meal of the day. ( 2.1 ) SOLIQUA 100/33 pen delivers 15 units to 60 units per injection. ( 2.1 , 2.2 ) Maximum daily dosage is 60 units (60 units of insulin glargine and 20 mcg of lixisenatide). ( 2.1 ) Discontinue basal insulin or GLP-1 receptor agonist prior to initiation. ( 2.2 ) In patients naive to basal insulin or to a GLP-1 receptor agonist, currently on less than 30 units of basal insulin, or on a GLP-1 receptor agonist, the recommended starting dosage is 15 units subcutaneously once daily. ( 2.2 ) In patients inadequately controlled on 30 to 60 units of basal insulin, the starting dosage is 30 units subcutaneously once daily. ( 2.2 ) See Full Prescribing Information for titration recommendations. ( 2.3 ) Inject subcutaneously in abdominal area, thigh, or upper arm and rotate injection sites within the same region from one injection to the next to reduce risk of lipodystrophy and localized cutaneous amyloidosis. ( 2.5 ) Do not administer intravenously, or via an infusion pump. ( 2.5 ) Do not dilute or mix with any other insulin products or solutions. ( 2.5 ) 2.1 Important Dosage Information SOLIQUA 100/33 is a combination of insulin glargine and lixisenatide. Administer SOLIQUA 100/33 subcutaneously once a day within the hour prior to the first meal of the day. The SOLIQUA 100/33 pen delivers doses from 15 to 60 units in a single injection. Table 1 presents the units of insulin glargine and the micrograms of lixisenatide in each dosage of SOLIQUA 100/33 [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) ] . The maximum dose of SOLIQUA 100/33 is 60 units daily (60 units insulin glargine and 20 mcg lixisenatide) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] . 2.2 Recommended Starting Dose In patients naive to basal insulin or to a GLP-1 receptor agonist, currently on a GLP-1 receptor agonist or currently on less than 30 units of basal insulin daily: Discontinue therapy with basal insulin or a GLP-1 receptor agonist prior to initiation of SOLIQUA 100/33. The recommended starting dosage of SOLIQUA 100/33 is 15 units (15 units insulin glargine and 5 mcg lixisenatide) given subcutaneously once daily. In patients currently on 30 to 60 units of basal insulin daily, with or without a GLP-1 receptor agonist: Discontinue therapy with basal insulin or GLP-1 receptor agonist prior to initiation of SOLIQUA 100/33. The recommended starting dosage of SOLIQUA 100/33 is 30 units (30 units insulin glargine and 10 mcg lixisenatide) given subcutaneously once daily. Table 1: Units of Insulin Glargine and Micrograms of Lixisenatide in Each Dosage of SOLIQUA 100/33 SOLIQUA 100/33 (dose window display) The dose window on the SOLIQUA 100/33 pen displays numbers for the even units and displays lines for the odd units. Insulin glargine component dose Lixisenatide component dose Comment 2 --- --- Safety test dose – not for injection 15 15 units 5 mcg Recommended starting dosage for patients...

Side Effects (Adverse Reactions)

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following adverse reactions are discussed elsewhere: Anaphylaxis and Serious Hypersensitivity Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] Acute Pancreatitis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] Hypoglycemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] Acute Kidney Injury Due to Volume Depletion [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] Severe Gastrointestinal Adverse Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) ] Hypokalemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10) ] Acute Gallbladder Disease [see Warnings and Precautions (5.12) ] Pulmonary Aspiration During General Anesthesia or Deep Sedation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.13) ] The most common adverse reactions, reported in ≥5% of patients treated with SOLIQUA 100/33 include hypoglycemia, nausea, nasopharyngitis, diarrhea, upper respiratory tract infection, and headache. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact sanofi-aventis at 1-800-633-1610 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trial of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. The safety of SOLIQUA 100/33 (n=834, with a mean treatment duration of 203 days) has been evaluated in two clinical studies (30 weeks duration) in type 2 diabetes patients. The studies, Study A and B [see Clinical Studies (14) ] , had the following characteristics: mean age was approximately 59 years; approximately 50% were male, 90% were Caucasian, 6% were Black or African American, and 18% were Hispanic. The mean duration of diabetes was 10.3 years, mean HbA1c at screening for Study A was 8.2 and Study B was 8.5. The mean BMI at baseline was 32 kg/m 2 . Baseline eGFR was ≥60 mL/min in 87.2% of the pooled study population and mean baseline eGFR was 83.0 mL/min/1.73 m 2 . Table 3: Adverse Reactions Occurring in ≥5% of SOLIQUA 100/33–Treated Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus from Two Pooled Clinical Trials SOLIQUA 100/33, % (n=834) Nausea 10.0 Nasopharyngitis 7.0 Diarrhea 7.0 Upper respiratory tract infection 5.5 Headache 5.4 Hypoglycemia Hypoglycemia is the most commonly observed adverse reaction in patients using insulin, and insulin-containing products including SOLIQUA 100/33 [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] . The rates of reported hypoglycemia depend on the definition of hypoglycemia used, diabetes type, insulin dose, intensity of glucose control, background therapies, and other intrinsic and extrinsic patient factors. For these reasons, comparing rates of hypoglycemia in clinical trials for SOLIQUA 100/33 with the incidence of hypoglycemia for other products may be misleading and also, may not be representative of hypoglycemia rates that will occur in clinical practice. In the SOLIQUA 100/33 program, severe hypoglycemia was defined as an event requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions and documented symptomatic hypoglycemia was defined as an event with typical symptoms of hypoglycemia accompanied by a self-monitored plasma glucose value equal to or less than 70 mg/dL (see Table 4 ). No clinically important differences in risk of severe hypoglycemia between SOLIQUA 100/33 and comparators were observed in clinical trials. Table 4: Hypoglycemic Episodes in SOLIQUA 100/33-Treated Patients with T2DM SOLIQUA 100/33 Study A N=469 SOLIQUA 100/33 Study B N=365 Severe symptomatic hypoglycemia Defined as an event requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. (%) 0 1.1 Hypoglycemia (self-monitored plasma glucose <54 mg/dL) (%) 8.1 17.8 Gastrointestinal Adverse Reactions Gastrointestinal adverse reactions are the most commonly observed adverse reaction in patients using lixisenatide. Gastrointestinal adverse reactions occur...

Drug Interactions

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS Drugs that affect glucose metabolism : Adjustment of SOLIQUA 100/33 dosage may be needed; closely monitor blood glucose. ( 7.1 ) Antiadrenergic Drugs (e.g., beta-blockers, clonidine, guanethidine, and reserpine): Hypoglycemia signs and symptoms may be reduced. ( 7.1 ) Effects of delayed gastric emptying on oral medications : Lixisenatide delays gastric emptying which may impact absorption of concomitantly administered oral medications. Oral contraceptives and other medications such as antibiotics and acetaminophen should be taken at least 1 hour prior to SOLIQUA 100/33 administration or 11 hours after. ( 7.2 ) 7.1 Medications that Can Affect Glucose Metabolism A number of medications affect glucose metabolism and may require dose adjustment of SOLIQUA 100/33 and particularly close monitoring. Drugs That May Increase the Risk of Hypoglycemia Drugs: Antidiabetic agents, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blocking agents, disopyramide, fibrates, fluoxetine, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, pentoxifylline, pramlintide, salicylates, somatostatin analogs (e.g., octreotide), and sulfonamide antibiotics. Intervention: Dose reductions and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required when SOLIQUA 100/33 is coadministered with these drugs. Drugs That May Decrease the Blood Glucose Lowering Effect of SOLIQUA 100/33 Drugs: Atypical antipsychotics (e.g., olanzapine and clozapine), corticosteroids, danazol, diuretics, estrogens, glucagon, isoniazid, niacin, oral contraceptives, phenothiazines, progestogens (e.g., in oral contraceptives), protease inhibitors, somatropin, sympathomimetic agents (e.g., albuterol, epinephrine, terbutaline), and thyroid hormones. Intervention: Dose increases and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required when SOLIQUA 100/33 is coadministered with these drugs. Drugs That May Increase or Decrease the Blood Glucose Lowering Effect of SOLIQUA 100/33 Drugs: Alcohol, beta-blockers, clonidine, and lithium salts. Pentamidine may cause hypoglycemia, which may sometimes be followed by hyperglycemia. Intervention: Dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required when SOLIQUA 100/33 is coadministered with these drugs. Drugs That May Blunt Signs and Symptoms of Hypoglycemia Drugs: Beta-blockers, clonidine, guanethidine, and reserpine. Intervention: Increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required when SOLIQUA 100/33 is coadministered with these drugs. 7.2 Effects of Delayed Gastric Emptying on Oral Medications Lixisenatide-containing products, including SOLIQUA 100/33, delay gastric emptying which may reduce the rate of absorption of orally administered medications. Use caution when coadministering oral medications that have a narrow therapeutic ratio or that require careful clinical monitoring. These medications should be adequately monitored when concomitantly administered with lixisenatide. If such medications are to be administered with food, patients...

Contraindications

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS SOLIQUA 100/33 is contraindicated: During episodes of hypoglycemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] . In patients with serious hypersensitivity to insulin glargine, lixisenatide, or any of the excipients in SOLIQUA 100/33. Hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis have occurred with both lixisenatide and insulin glargine [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Adverse Reactions (6.1) ] . During episodes of hypoglycemia. ( 4 ) Serious hypersensitivity to insulin glargine, lixisenatide, or any of the excipients in SOLIQUA 100/33 ( 4 )

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Based on animal reproduction studies, there may be risks to the fetus from exposure to lixisenatide, a component of SOLIQUA 100/33, during pregnancy. SOLIQUA 100/33 should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. The limited available data with SOLIQUA 100/33 and lixisenatide in pregnant women is not sufficient to inform a drug-associated risk of major birth defects and miscarriage. Published studies with insulin glargine use during pregnancy have not reported a clear association with insulin glargine and major birth defect or miscarriage risk [see Data ] . There are risks to the mother and fetus associated with poorly controlled diabetes in pregnancy [see Clinical Considerations ] . Lixisenatide administered to pregnant rats and rabbits during organogenesis was associated with visceral closure and skeletal defects at systemic exposures that decreased maternal food intake and weight gain during gestation, and that are 1-time and 6-times higher than the 20 mcg/day highest clinical dose, respectively, based on plasma AUC [see Data ] . The estimated background risk of major birth defects is 6%–10% in women with pregestational diabetes with a HbA1c >7 and has been reported to be as high as 20%–25% in women with a HbA1c >10. The estimated background risk of miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2%–4% and 15%–20%, respectively. Clinical considerations Disease-associated maternal and/or embryo/fetal risk Poorly controlled diabetes in pregnancy increases the maternal risk for diabetic ketoacidosis, pre-eclampsia, spontaneous abortions, preterm delivery, and delivery complications. Poorly controlled diabetes increases the fetal risk for major birth defects, still birth, and macrosomia related morbidity. Data Human data Insulin glargine...

Overdosage

10 OVERDOSAGE Insulin Glargine Excess insulin administration may cause hypoglycemia and hypokalemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6 , 5.10) ] . Mild episodes of hypoglycemia can usually be treated with oral carbohydrates. Adjustments in drug dosage, meal patterns, or exercise may be needed. More severe episodes of hypoglycemia with coma, seizure, or neurologic impairment may be treated with intramuscular/subcutaneous glucagon or concentrated intravenous glucose. After apparent clinical recovery from hypoglycemia, continued observation and additional carbohydrate intake may be necessary to avoid recurrence of hypoglycemia. Hypokalemia must be corrected appropriately. Lixisenatide During clinical studies, doses up to 30 mcg of lixisenatide twice daily (3-times the daily recommended dose) were administered to type 2 diabetic patients in a 13-week study. An increased incidence of gastrointestinal disorders was observed. In case of overdose, consider contacting the Poison Help line (1-800-222-1222) or a medical toxicologist for additional overdosage management recommendations. Initiate appropriate supportive treatment according to the patient's clinical signs and symptoms and the SOLIQUA 100/33 dose should be reduced to the prescribed dose.

How Supplied

16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING 16.1 How Supplied SOLIQUA 100/33 (insulin glargine and lixisenatide) injection is a clear, colorless to almost colorless solution in a 3 mL prefilled, disposable, single-patient-use pen: Dosage Unit/Strength Package size NDC # 3 mL SOLIQUA 100/33 single-patient-use pen 100 units/mL insulin glargine and 33 mcg/mL lixisenatide Package of 5 0024-5761-05 Needles are not included. Only use needles that are compatible for use with SOLIQUA 100/33 prefilled pen. 16.2 Storage Dispense in the original sealed carton with the enclosed Instructions for Use. Prior to first use, SOLIQUA 100/33 pen should be stored in a refrigerator, 36°F–46°F (2°C–8°C). Do not freeze. Discard SOLIQUA 100/33 if it has been frozen. Protect from light. After first use, store at room temperature up to 77°F (25°C). Replace the pen cap after each use to protect from light. Discard pen 28 days after first use. Remove the needle after each injection and store the SOLIQUA 100/33 pen without a needle attached.

About This Information

This drug information is sourced from FDA-approved labeling via the openFDA database. It is intended for educational and reference purposes only. This is not medical advice. Always consult your healthcare provider before making decisions about medication. Drug information may be updated by the FDA; check with your pharmacist for the most current information.

What are side effects?

Side effects are unwanted reactions that can occur when taking a medication. They range from mild (headache, nausea) to severe (allergic reactions, organ damage). Not everyone experiences side effects, and severity varies. Report any concerning side effects to your doctor.

What are drug interactions?

Drug interactions occur when a medication is affected by another drug, food, or supplement. Interactions can make medications less effective or cause dangerous side effects. Always tell your doctor about all medications and supplements you take.