Insulin

FDA Drug Information • Also known as: Insulin 1556

Brand Names: Insulin 1556
Dosage Form: POWDER
Product Type: BULK INGREDIENT

Description

11 DESCRIPTION Insulin lispro is a rapid-acting human insulin analog produced by recombinant DNA technology utilizing a non-pathogenic laboratory strain of Escherichia coli . Insulin lispro differs from human insulin in that the amino acid proline at position B28 is replaced by lysine and the lysine in position B29 is replaced by proline. Insulin lispro has a molecular weight of 5808 Da, identical to that of human insulin. ADMELOG (insulin lispro) injection is a sterile, aqueous, clear, and colorless solution for subcutaneous or intravenous use. Each mL of ADMELOG contains 100 units of insulin lispro, and the inactive ingredients: dibasic sodium phosphate (1.88 mg), glycerin (16 mg), metacresol (3.15 mg), zinc oxide (content adjusted to provide 0.0197 mg zinc ion), and Water for Injection, USP. Insulin lispro has a pH of 7.0 to 7.8. The pH is adjusted by addition of aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide. ADMELOG is latex free.

What Is Insulin Used For?

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE ADMELOG is indicated to improve glycemic control in adult and pediatric patients with diabetes mellitus. ADMELOG is a rapid-acting human insulin analog indicated to improve glycemic control in adult and pediatric patients with diabetes mellitus. ( 1 )

Dosage and Administration

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION See Full Prescribing Information for important preparation and administration instructions. ( 2.1 , 2.2 , 2.3 , 2.4 ) Rotate injection sites to reduce risk of lipodystrophy and localized cutaneous amyloidosis. ( 2.2 ) Subcutaneous injection ( 2.2 ): Administer ADMELOG by subcutaneous injection into the abdominal wall, thigh, upper arm, or buttocks within 15 minutes before a meal or immediately after a meal. Rotate injection sites to reduce risk of lipodystrophy and localized cutaneous amyloidosis. Continuous subcutaneous infusion (Insulin Pump) ( 2.2 ): Refer to the insulin infusion pump user manual to see if ADMELOG can be used. Use in accordance with the insulin pump instructions for use. Administer ADMELOG by continuous subcutaneous infusion using an insulin pump in a region recommended in the instructions from the pump manufacturer. Rotate infusion sites to reduce risk of lipodystrophy and localized cutaneous amyloidosis. Do not mix with other insulins or diluents in the pump. Intravenous Infusion: Administer ADMELOG by intravenous infusion ONLY after dilution and under medical supervision. ( 2.2 ) The dosage of ADMELOG must be individualized based on the route of administration and the patient's metabolic needs, blood glucose monitoring results and glycemic control goal. ( 2.3 ) 2.1 Important Preparation and Administration Instructions Always check insulin labels before administration [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] . Inspect ADMELOG visually before use. It should appear clear and colorless. Do not use ADMELOG if particulate matter or coloration is seen. Use ADMELOG SoloStar prefilled pen with caution in patients with visual impairment who may rely on audible clicks to dial their dose. Do NOT mix ADMELOG with other insulins when administering using a continuous subcutaneous infusion pump. 2.2 Preparation and Administration Instructions for the Approved Routes of Administration Subcutaneous Injection Administer the dose of ADMELOG subcutaneously within fifteen minutes before a meal or immediately after a meal into the abdominal wall, thigh, upper arm, or buttocks. Rotate injection site within the same region from one injection to the next to reduce the risk of lipodystrophy and localized cutaneous amyloidosis. Do not inject into areas of lipodystrophy or localized cutaneous amyloidosis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) , Adverse Reactions (6) ] . During changes to a patient's insulin regimen, increase the frequency of blood glucose monitoring [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] . ADMELOG administered by subcutaneous injection should generally be used in regimens with intermediate or long-acting insulin. The ADMELOG SoloStar prefilled pen dials in 1-unit increments. Prior to subcutaneous use, ADMELOG may be diluted with sterile 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection. Dilute one-part ADMELOG to one-part 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection to yield a concentration one-half that of ADMELOG (equivalent to U-50). If...

Side Effects (Adverse Reactions)

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following adverse reactions are discussed elsewhere: Hypoglycemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] Hypoglycemia Due to Medication Errors [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] Hypersensitivity Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] Hypokalemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] Adverse reactions associated with ADMELOG include hypoglycemia, allergic reactions, injection site reactions, lipodystrophy, pruritus, and rash. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact sanofi-aventis at 1-800-633-1610 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Adverse Reactions with Subcutaneous Injections of ADMELOG Two clinical trials with ADMELOG were conducted: one in patients with type 1 diabetes and one in patients with type 2 diabetes [see Clinical Studies (14) ] . The data in Table 1 reflect the exposure of 252 patients with type 1 diabetes to ADMELOG with mean exposure duration of 49 weeks. The type 1 diabetes population had the following characteristics: Mean age was 43 years and mean duration of diabetes was 20 years. Fifty-nine percent were male, 80% were White, 6% were Black or African American and 7% were Hispanic. At baseline, the mean eGFR was 90 mL/min/1.73 m 2 and 49% of patients had eGFR ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m 2 . The mean BMI was 26 kg/m 2 . The mean HbA1c at baseline was 8.07%. Two hundred fifty-three patients with type 2 diabetes were exposed to ADMELOG with mean exposure duration of 25 weeks. The type 2 diabetes population had the following characteristics: Mean age was 62 years and mean duration of diabetes was 17 years. Fifty-four percent were male, 90% were White, 6% were Black or African American and 17% were Hispanic. At baseline, the mean eGFR was 77 mL/min/1.73 m 2 and 27% of patients had eGFR ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m 2 . The mean BMI was 32 kg/m 2 . The mean HbA1c at baseline was 7.99%. Common adverse reactions were defined as reactions that occurred in ≥5% of the population studied. Common adverse reactions (other than hypoglycemia) during a clinical trial in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus are listed in Table 1. In a 26-week clinical trial in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, no adverse reactions (other than hypoglycemia) occurred in ≥5% of ADMELOG-treated patients (n=253) were observed. Table 1: Adverse Reactions that Occurred in ≥5% of ADMELOG-Treated Patients with Type 1 Diabetes in a 52-Week Trial ADMELOG + Insulin Glargine (100 units/mL), % (n=252) Nasopharyngitis 13% Upper respiratory tract infection 6% Severe Hypoglycemia Hypoglycemia is the most commonly observed adverse reaction in patients using insulin, including ADMELOG [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] . The rates of reported hypoglycemia depend on the definition of hypoglycemia used, diabetes type, insulin dose, intensity of glucose control, background therapies, and other intrinsic and extrinsic patient factors. For these reasons, comparing rates of hypoglycemia in clinical trials for ADMELOG with the incidence of hypoglycemia for other products may be misleading and also, may not be representative of hypoglycemia rates that will occur in clinical practice. In the ADMELOG trials, severe hypoglycemia was defined as an event requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. The incidence of severe hypoglycemia in patients receiving ADMELOG with type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus was 13.5% at 52 weeks and 2.4% at 26 weeks, respectively [see Clinical Studies (14) ] . Adverse Reactions Associated with Insulin Initiation and Intensification of Glucose Control Intensification or rapid improvement in glucose control has...

Drug Interactions

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS Table 2 presents clinically significant drug interactions with ADMELOG. Table 2: Clinically Significant Drug Interactions with ADMELOG Drugs That May Increase the Risk of Hypoglycemia Drugs: Antidiabetic agents, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blocking agents, disopyramide, fibrates, fluoxetine, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, pentoxifylline, pramlintide, salicylates, somatostatin analogs (e.g., octreotide), and sulfonamide antibiotics. Intervention: Dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required when ADMELOG is concomitantly administered with these drugs. Drugs That May Decrease the Blood Glucose Lowering Effect of ADMELOG Drugs: Atypical antipsychotics (e.g., olanzapine and clozapine), corticosteroids, danazol, diuretics, estrogens, glucagon, isoniazid, niacin, oral contraceptives, phenothiazines, progestogens (e.g., in oral contraceptives), protease inhibitors, somatropin, sympathomimetic agents (e.g., albuterol, epinephrine, terbutaline), and thyroid hormones. Intervention: Dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required when ADMELOG is concomitantly administered with these drugs. Drugs That May Increase or Decrease the Blood Glucose Lowering Effect of ADMELOG Drugs: Alcohol, beta-blockers, clonidine, and lithium salts. Pentamidine may cause hypoglycemia, which may sometimes be followed by hyperglycemia. Intervention: Dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required when ADMELOG is concomitantly administered with these drugs. Drugs That May Blunt Signs and Symptoms of Hypoglycemia Drugs: Beta-blockers, clonidine, guanethidine and reserpine. Intervention: Increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required when ADMELOG is concomitantly administered with these drugs. Drugs that may increase the risk of hypoglycemia: antidiabetic agents, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blocking agents, disopyramide, fibrates, fluoxetine, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, pentoxifylline, pramlintide, salicylates, somatostatin analog (e.g., octreotide), and sulfonamide antibiotics ( 7 ). Drugs that may decrease the blood glucose lowering effect: atypical antipsychotics, corticosteroids, danazol, diuretics, estrogens, glucagon, isoniazid, niacin, oral contraceptives, phenothiazines, progestogens (e.g., in oral contraceptives), protease inhibitors, somatropin, sympathomimetic agents (e.g., albuterol, epinephrine, terbutaline), and thyroid hormones ( 7 ). Drugs that may increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect: alcohol, beta-blockers, clonidine, lithium salts, and pentamidine ( 7 ). Drugs that may blunt the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia: beta-blockers, clonidine, guanethidine, and reserpine ( 7 ).

Contraindications

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS ADMELOG is contraindicated: during episodes of hypoglycemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] . in patients who are hypersensitive to insulin lispro or to any of the excipients in ADMELOG [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ]. Do not use during episodes of hypoglycemia. ( 4 ) Do not use in patients with hypersensitivity to insulin lispro or any of the excipients in ADMELOG. ( 4 )

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Published studies with another insulin lispro product used during pregnancy have not reported an association between insulin lispro and the induction of major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes [see Data ] . There are risks to the mother and fetus associated with poorly controlled diabetes in pregnancy [see Clinical Considerations ] . Pregnant rats and rabbits were exposed to another insulin lispro product in animal reproduction studies during organogenesis. Fetal growth retardation was observed in offspring of rats exposed to insulin lispro at a dose approximately 3 times the human subcutaneous dose of 1.0 unit/kg/day. No adverse effects on embryo-fetal development were observed in offspring of rabbits exposed to insulin lispro at doses up to approximately 0.24 times the human subcutaneous dose of 1.0 unit/kg/day [see Data ] . The estimated background risk of major birth defects is 6%–10% in women with pregestational diabetes with a HbA1c >7% and has been reported to be as high as 20%–25% in women with a HbA1c >10%. The estimated background risk of miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2%–4% and 15%–20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Disease-associated maternal and/or embryo-fetal risk Poorly controlled diabetes in pregnancy increases the maternal risk for diabetic ketoacidosis, preeclampsia, spontaneous abortions, preterm delivery, and delivery complications. Poorly controlled diabetes increases the fetal risk for major birth defects, stillbirth, and macrosomia related morbidity. Data Human data Published data from retrospective studies and meta-analyses do not report an association with another insulin lispro product and major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes when insulin lispro is used during pregnancy....

Overdosage

10 OVERDOSAGE Excess insulin administration may cause hypoglycemia and hypokalemia. Mild episodes of hypoglycemia usually can be treated with oral glucose. Adjustments in drug dosage, meal patterns, or exercise may be needed. More severe episodes with coma, seizure, or neurologic impairment may be treated with a glucagon product for emergency use or concentrated intravenous glucose. Sustained carbohydrate intake and observation may be necessary because hypoglycemia may recur after apparent clinical recovery. Hypokalemia must be corrected appropriately.

How Supplied

16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING 16.1 How Supplied ADMELOG (insulin lispro) injection 100 units/mL (U-100) is available as a clear and colorless solution in: Dosage Unit Package Size NDC # 10 mL multiple-dose vials Carton of 1 0024-5924-10 3 mL multiple-dose vials Carton of 1 0024-5926-05 3 mL single-patient-use SoloStar prefilled pen Carton of 5 0024-5925-05 Each prefilled SoloStar pen is for use by a single patient. The ADMELOG SoloStar prefilled pen dials in 1-unit increments. 16.2 Storage and Handling Dispense in the original sealed carton with the enclosed Instructions for Use. Store ADMELOG according to the table below. Do not freeze and do not use ADMELOG if it has been frozen. Protect from direct heat and light. In-use (opened) ADMELOG vials and ADMELOG SoloStar pens must be used within 28 days or be discarded, even if they still contain ADMELOG. ADMELOG Not In-Use (Unopened) Room Temperature (Up to 86°F [30°C]) Not In-Use (Unopened) Refrigerated (36°F–46°F [2°C–8°C]) In-Use (Opened) Room Temperature (Up to 86°F [30°C]) 10 mL multiple-dose vial 28 days Until expiration date 28 days refrigerated/room temperature 3 mL multiple-dose vial 28 days Until expiration date 28 days refrigerated/room temperature 3 mL single-patient-use SoloStar prefilled pen 28 days Until expiration date 28 days Do not refrigerate. Use in an External Insulin Pump Change the ADMELOG in the pump reservoir at least every 7 days or according to the pump user manual, whichever is shorter, or after exposure to temperatures that exceed 98.6°F (37°C). Diluted ADMELOG for Subcutaneous Injection Diluted ADMELOG may remain in patient use for up to 24 hours when stored in a refrigerator (36°F–46°F [2°C–8°C]) or for up to 4 hours when stored at room temperature (86°F [30°C]). Do not dilute ADMELOG used in an external insulin pump. Admixture for Intravenous Administration Infusion bags prepared with ADMELOG are stable when stored in a refrigerator (36°F–46°F [2°C–8°C]) for 24 hours or may be...

About This Information

This drug information is sourced from FDA-approved labeling via the openFDA database. It is intended for educational and reference purposes only. This is not medical advice. Always consult your healthcare provider before making decisions about medication. Drug information may be updated by the FDA; check with your pharmacist for the most current information.

What are side effects?

Side effects are unwanted reactions that can occur when taking a medication. They range from mild (headache, nausea) to severe (allergic reactions, organ damage). Not everyone experiences side effects, and severity varies. Report any concerning side effects to your doctor.

What are drug interactions?

Drug interactions occur when a medication is affected by another drug, food, or supplement. Interactions can make medications less effective or cause dangerous side effects. Always tell your doctor about all medications and supplements you take.