Enasidenib Mesylate
FDA Drug Information • Also known as: Idhifa
- Brand Names
- Idhifa
- Route
- ORAL
- Dosage Form
- TABLET, FILM COATED
- Product Type
- HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG
⚠ Boxed Warning (Black Box)
WARNING: DIFFERENTIATION SYNDROME Patients treated with IDHIFA have experienced symptoms of differentiation syndrome, which can be fatal if not treated. Symptoms may include fever, dyspnea, acute respiratory distress, pulmonary infiltrates, pleural or pericardial effusions, rapid weight gain or peripheral edema, lymphadenopathy, bone pain, and hepatic, renal, or multi-organ dysfunction. If differentiation syndrome is suspected, initiate corticosteroid therapy and hemodynamic monitoring until symptom resolution [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Adverse Reactions (6.1) ] . WARNING: DIFFERENTIATION SYNDROME See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. Patients treated with IDHIFA have experienced symptoms of differentiation syndrome, which can be fatal if not treated. If differentiation syndrome is suspected, initiate corticosteroid therapy and hemodynamic monitoring until symptom resolution ( 5.1 , 6.1 ).
Description
11 DESCRIPTION Enasidenib is an inhibitor of isocitrate dehydrogenase-2 (IDH2) enzyme. Enasidenib is available as the mesylate salt with the chemical name: 2-methyl-1-[(4-[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]-6-{[2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl]amino}-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]propan-2-ol methanesulfonate. Or 2-Propanol, 2-methyl-1-[[4-[6-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]-6-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)-4-pyridinyl]amino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-, methanesulfonate (1:1). The chemical structure is: The empirical formula is C 19 H 17 F 6 N 7 O ∙ CH 3 SO 3 H (C 20 H 21 F 6 N 7 O 4 S), and the molecular weight is 569.48 g/mol. Enasidenib is practically insoluble (solubility ≤74 mcg/mL) in aqueous solutions across physiological pH range (pH 1.2 and 7.4). IDHIFA (enasidenib) is available as a 50 mg tablet (equivalent to 60 mg enasidenib mesylate) and a 100 mg tablet (equivalent to 120 mg enasidenib mesylate) for oral administration. Each tablet contains inactive ingredients of colloidal silicon dioxide, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hypromellose acetate succinate, iron oxide yellow, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium starch glycolate, talc, and titanium dioxide. Chemical Structure
What Is Enasidenib Mesylate Used For?
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE IDHIFA is an isocitrate dehydrogenase-2 inhibitor indicated for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with an isocitrate dehydrogenase-2 (IDH2) mutation as detected by an FDA-approved test ( 1.1 ). 1.1 Acute Myeloid Leukemia IDHIFA is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with an isocitrate dehydrogenase-2 (IDH2) mutation as detected by an FDA-approved test.
Dosage and Administration
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION 100 mg orally once daily until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity ( 2.2 ). 2.1 Patient Selection Select patients for the treatment of AML with IDHIFA based on the presence of IDH2 mutations in the blood or bone marrow [see Indications and Usage (1.1) and Clinical Studies (14.1) ] . Information on FDA-approved tests for the detection of IDH2 mutations in AML is available at http://www.fda.gov/CompanionDiagnostics . 2.2 Recommended Dosage The recommended dosage of IDHIFA is 100 mg taken orally once daily with or without food until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. For patients without disease progression or unacceptable toxicity, treat for a minimum of 6 months to allow time for clinical response. Swallow tablets whole. Do not chew, split, or crush IDHIFA tablets. Administer IDHIFA tablets orally about the same time each day. If a dose of IDHIFA is vomited, missed, or not taken at the usual time, administer the dose as soon as possible on the same day, and return to the normal schedule the following day. 2.3 Monitoring and Dosage Modifications for Toxicities Assess blood counts and blood chemistries for leukocytosis and tumor lysis syndrome prior to the initiation of IDHIFA and monitor at a minimum of every 2 weeks for at least the first 3 months during treatment. Manage any abnormalities promptly [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) ] . Interrupt dosing or reduce dose for toxicities. See Table 1 for dosage modification guidelines. Table 1: Dosage Modifications for IDHIFA-Related Toxicities *Grade 1 is mild, Grade 2 is moderate, Grade 3 is serious, Grade 4 is life-threatening. Adverse Reaction Recommended Action
Differentiation syndrome If differentiation syndrome is suspected, administer systemic corticosteroids and initiate hemodynamic monitoring [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . Interrupt IDHIFA if severe pulmonary symptoms requiring intubation or ventilator support, and/or renal dysfunction persist for more than 48 hours after initiation of corticosteroids [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . Resume IDHIFA when signs and symptoms improve to Grade 2* or lower. Noninfectious leukocytosis (white blood cell [WBC] count greater than 30 × 10 9 /L) Initiate treatment with hydroxyurea, as per standard institutional practices. Interrupt IDHIFA if leukocytosis is not improved with hydroxyurea, and then resume IDHIFA at 100 mg daily when WBC is less than 30 × 10 9 /L. Elevation of bilirubin greater than 3 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) sustained for ≥2 weeks without elevated transaminases or other hepatic disorders Reduce IDHIFA dose to 50 mg daily. Resume IDHIFA at 100 mg daily if bilirubin elevation resolves to less than 2 × ULN. Other Grade 3* or higher toxicity considered related to treatment including tumor lysis syndrome Interrupt IDHIFA until toxicity resolves to Grade 2* or lower. Resume IDHIFA at 50 mg daily; may increase to 100 mg daily if toxicities resolve to...Side Effects (Adverse Reactions)
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following clinically significant adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling:
Differentiation Syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, elevated bilirubin, and decreased appetite ( 6.1 ). To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Bristol Myers Squibb at 1-800-721-5072 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. The safety evaluation of single-agent IDHIFA is based on 214 patients with relapsed or refractory AML who were assigned to receive 100 mg daily [see Clinical Studies (14.1) ] . The median duration of exposure to IDHIFA was 4.3 months (range 0.3 to 23.6). The 30-day and 60-day mortality rates observed with IDHIFA were 4.2% (9/214) and 11.7% (25/214), respectively. Serious adverse reactions were reported in 77.1% of patients. The most frequent serious adverse reactions (≥2%) were leukocytosis (10%), diarrhea (6%), nausea (5%), vomiting (3%), decreased appetite (3%), tumor lysis syndrome (5%), and differentiation syndrome (8%). Differentiation syndrome events characterized as serious included pyrexia, renal failure acute, hypoxia, respiratory failure, and multi-organ failure. Overall, 92 of 214 patients (43%) required a dose interruption due to an adverse reaction; the most frequent adverse reactions leading to dose interruption were differentiation syndrome (4%) and leukocytosis (3%). Ten of 214 patients (5%) required a dose reduction due to an adverse reaction; no adverse reaction required dose reduction in more than 2 patients. Thirty-six of 214 patients (17%) permanently discontinued IDHIFA due to an adverse reaction; the most frequent adverse reaction leading to permanent discontinuation was leukocytosis (1%). The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) of any grade were nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, elevated bilirubin and decreased appetite. Adverse reactions reported in the trial are shown in Table 2. Table 2: Adverse Reactions Reported in ≥10% (Any Grade) or ≥3% (Grade 3-5) of Patients with Relapsed or Refractory AML a Gastrointestinal disorders observed with IDHIFA treatment can be associated with other commonly reported events such as abdominal pain, and weight decreased. b Tumor lysis syndrome observed with IDHIFA treatment can be associated with commonly reported uric acid increased. c Differentiation syndrome can be associated with other commonly reported events such as respiratory failure, dyspnea, hypoxia, pyrexia, peripheral edema, rash, or renal insufficiency. IDHIFA (100 mg daily) N=214 Body System Adverse Reaction All Grades N=214 n (%) ≥Grade 3 N=214 n (%) Gastrointestinal Disorders a Nausea 107 (50) 11 (5) Diarrhea 91 (43) 17 (8) Vomiting 73 (34) 4 (2) Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders Decreased appetite 73 (34) 9 (4) Tumor lysis syndrome b 13 (6) 12 (6) Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders Differentiation syndrome c 29 (14) 15 (7) Noninfectious leukocytosis 26 (12) 12 (6) Nervous System Disorders Dysgeusia 25 (12) 0 (0) Other clinically significant adverse reactions occurring in <10% of patients included: Respiratory, Thoracic, and Mediastinal Disorders: Pulmonary edema, acute respiratory distress syndrome Changes in selected post-baseline laboratory values that were observed in patients with relapsed or refractory AML are shown in Table 3. Table 3: Most Common (≥20%) New or Worsening Laboratory Abnormalities Reported in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory AML IDHIFA (100 mg daily) N=214 Parameter a All Grades (%) Grade ≥3 (%) a Includes abnormalities occurring up to 28 days after last IDHIFA dose, if new or worsened by at least one grade from baseline, or if baseline was unknown. The...Drug Interactions
7 DRUG INTERACTIONS
Certain CYP1A2 and CYP2C19 Substrates: Avoid concomitant use unless otherwise recommended in the Prescribing Information ( 7.1 ). Certain CYP3A Substrates: Avoid concomitant use unless otherwise recommended in the Prescribing Information ( 7.1 ). Certain OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and BCRP Substrates: Avoid concomitant use unless otherwise recommended in the Prescribing Information ( 7.1 ). 7.1 Effect of IDHIFA on Other Drugs Certain CYP1A2 Substrates Avoid concomitant use with IDHIFA unless otherwise recommended in the Prescribing Information for CYP1A2 substrates where minimal concentration changes may lead to serious adverse reactions. Consider reducing the frequency of caffeine intake from various food and beverages in a 24 hour period while taking IDHIFA because IDHIFA may increase the effect of caffeine in patients who are sensitive to it. Enasidenib is a CYP1A2 inhibitor. Concomitant use of IDHIFA increases the exposure of CYP1A2 substrates [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] , which may increase the risk of adverse reactions related to the substrates. Certain CYP2C19 substrates Avoid concomitant use with IDHIFA unless otherwise recommended in the Prescribing Information for CYP2C19 substrates where minimal concentration changes may lead to serious adverse reactions. Enasidenib is a CYP2C19 inhibitor. Concomitant use of IDHIFA increases the exposure of CYP2C19 substrates [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] , which may increase the risk of adverse reactions related to these substrates. Certain CYP3A substrates Avoid concomitant use with IDHIFA unless otherwise recommended in the Prescribing Information for CYP3A substrates where minimal concentration changes may lead to reduced efficacy. Do not administer IDHIFA with anti-fungal agents that are substrates of CYP3A due to expected loss of antifungal efficacy. Co-administration of IDHIFA may decrease the concentrations of hormonal contraceptives. Consider alternative methods of contraception in patients receiving IDHIFA [See use in Specific Population (8.1 , 8.3 )] . Enasidenib is a CYP3A inducer. Concomitant use of IDHIFA decreases the exposure of CYP3A substrates [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] , which may reduce the efficacy of the substrates. Certain OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and BCRP Substrates Avoid coadministration of IDHIFA with OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and BCRP substrates, for which minimal concentration changes may lead to serious toxicities. If coadministration cannot be avoided, decrease the OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and BCRP substrates dosage(s) in accordance with the respective Prescribing Information. Enasidenib is an OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and BCRP transporter inhibitor. Concomitant use of IDHIFA increases the exposure of OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and BCRP substrates [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] , which may increase the risk of adverse reactions related to these substrates. Certain P-glycoprotein (P-gp) Substrates When coadministered with IDHIFA, follow recommended P-gp substrates...Contraindications
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS None. None ( 4 ).
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Based on animal embryo-fetal toxicity studies, IDHIFA can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. There are no available data on IDHIFA use in pregnant women to inform a drug-associated risk of major birth defects and miscarriage. In animal embryo-fetal toxicity studies, oral administration of enasidenib to pregnant rats and rabbits during organogenesis was associated with embryo-fetal mortality and alterations to growth starting at 0.1 times the steady state clinical exposure based on the AUC at the recommended human dose (see Data). Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2%-4% and 15%-20%, respectively. Data Animal Data Enasidenib administered to pregnant rats at a dose of 30 mg/kg twice daily during organogenesis (gestation days 6-17) was associated with maternal toxicity and adverse embryo-fetal effects including post-implantation loss, resorptions, decreased viable fetuses, lower fetal birth weights, and skeletal variations. These effects occurred in rats at approximately 1.6 times the clinical exposure at the recommended human daily dose of 100 mg/day. In pregnant rabbits treated during organogenesis (gestation days 7-19), enasidenib was maternally toxic at doses equal to 5 mg/kg/day or higher (exposure approximately 0.1 to 0.6 times the steady state clinical exposure at the recommended daily dose) and caused spontaneous abortions at 5 mg/kg/day (exposure approximately 0.1 times the steady state clinical exposure at the recommended daily dose).
How Supplied
16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING How Supplied 50 mg tablet: Pale yellow to yellow oval-shaped film-coated tablet debossed “ENA” on one side and “50” on the other side.
30-count bottles of 50 mg tablets with a desiccant canister (NDC 59572-705-30) 100 mg tablet: Pale yellow to yellow capsule-shaped film-coated tablet debossed “ENA” on one side and “100” on the other side. 30-count bottles of 100 mg tablets with a desiccant canister (NDC 59572-710-30) Storage Store at 20°C-25°C (68°F-77°F); excursions permitted between 15°C-30°C (59°F-86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Keep the bottle tightly closed. Store and dispense in the original bottle (with a desiccant canister) to protect from moisture.About This Information
This drug information is sourced from FDA-approved labeling via the openFDA database. It is intended for educational and reference purposes only. This is not medical advice. Always consult your healthcare provider before making decisions about medication. Drug information may be updated by the FDA; check with your pharmacist for the most current information.
What are side effects?
Side effects are unwanted reactions that can occur when taking a medication. They range from mild (headache, nausea) to severe (allergic reactions, organ damage). Not everyone experiences side effects, and severity varies. Report any concerning side effects to your doctor.
What are drug interactions?
Drug interactions occur when a medication is affected by another drug, food, or supplement. Interactions can make medications less effective or cause dangerous side effects. Always tell your doctor about all medications and supplements you take.