Dyclonine Hydrochloride

Description

Description: DycloPro (Dyclonine Hydrochloride Topical Solution, USP, 0.5% and 1%) topical anesthetics contain a local anesthetic agent and are administered topically. See INDICATIONS for specific uses. DycloPro (Dyclonine Hydrochloride Topical Solution, USP, 0.5% and 1%) contain dyclonine HCl, which is chemically designated as 4’-butoxy-3-piperidinopropiophenone HCl. Dyclonine HCl is a white crystalline powder that is sparingly soluble in water and has the following structural formula: Structural Formula

What Is Dyclonine Hydrochloride Used For?

INDICATIONS AND USAGE: Dyclonine HCl Topical Solution, USP is indicated for anesthetizing accessible mucous membranes (e.g., the mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus, and urethra) prior to various endoscopic procedures. Dyclonine HCl Topical Solution, USP, 0.5% topical anesthetic may also be used to block the gag reflex, to relieve the pain of oral ulcers or stomatitis and to relieve pain associated with ano-genital lesions.

Dosage and Administration

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION: As with all local anesthetics, the dosage varies and depends upon the area to be anesthetized, vascularity of the tissues, individual tolerance and the technique of anesthesia. The lowest dosage needed to provide effective anesthesia should be administered. A maximum dose of 30 mL of Dyclonine HCl Topical Solution, USP 1% topical anesthetic (300 mg of dyclonine HCl) may be used, although satisfactory anesthesia is usually produced within the range of 4 to 20 mL. For specific techniques and procedures refer to standard textbooks. Although as much as 300 mg of Dyclonine HCl Topical Solution USP (as a 1% solution) have been tolerated, this dosage as a 0.5% solution has not been administered primarily because satisfactory anesthesia in endoscopic procedures can usually be produced by lesser amounts. For specific techniques for endoscopic procedures refer to standard textbooks. Dyclonine HCl Topical Solution, USP can be used for a period of 7 days after open.

Side Effects (Adverse Reactions)

ADVERSE REACTIONS: Adverse experiences following the administration of dyclonine are similar in nature to those observed with other local anesthetic agents. These adverse experiences are, in general, dose-related and may result from high plasma levels caused by excessive dosage or rapid absorption, or may result from a hypersensitivity, idiosyncrasy or diminished tolerance on the part of the patient. Serious adverse experiences are generally systemic in nature. The following types are those most commonly reported: Central nervous system: CNS manifestations are excitatory and/or depressant and may be characterized by lightheadedness, nervousness, apprehension, euphoria, confusion, dizziness, drowsiness, tinnitus, blurred or double vision, vomiting, sensations of heat, cold or numbness, twitching, tremors, convulsions, unconsciousness, respiratory depression and arrest. The excitatory manifestations may be very brief or may not occur at all, in which case the first manifestation of toxicity may be drowsiness merging into unconsciousness and respiratory arrest. Drowsiness following the administration of dyclonine is usually an early sign of a high blood level of the drug and may occur as a consequence of rapid absorption. Cardiovascular system: Cardiovascular manifestations are usually depressant and are characterized by bradycardia, hypotension, and cardiovascular collapse, which may lead to cardiac arrest. Allergic: Allergic reactions are characterized by cutaneous lesions, urticaria, edema or anaphylactoid reactions. Allergic reactions may occur as a result of sensitivity either to the local anesthetic agent or to the other ingredients used in this formulation. Allergic reactions, if they occur, should be managed by conventional means. The detection of sensitivity by skin testing is of doubtful value. Local reactions include irritation, stinging, urethritis with and without bleeding.

Contraindications

CONTRAINDICATIONS: Dyclonine HCl Topical Solution, USP is contraindicated in patients known to be hypersensitive (allergic) to the local anesthetic or to other components of Dyclonine HCl Topical Solution, USP .

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Pregnancy: Teratogenic Effects: Pregnancy Category C. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with dyclonine hydrochloride. It is also not known whether dyclonine hydrochloride can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Dyclonine hydrochloride should be given to pregnant women only if clearly needed.

Nursing Mothers: It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when dyclonine is administered to a nursing woman.

Overdosage

OVERDOSAGE: Acute emergencies from local anesthetics are generally related to high plasma levels encountered during therapeutic use of local anesthetics. (See ADVERSE REACTIONS, WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS ). Management of local anesthetic emergencies: The first consideration is prevention, best accomplished by careful and constant monitoring of cardiovascular and respiratory vital signs and the patient’s state of consciousness after each local anesthetic administration. The first step in the management of convulsions consists of immediate attention to the maintenance of a patent airway and assisted or controlled ventilation with oxygen and a delivery system capable of permitting immediate positive airway pressure by mask. Immediately after the institution of these ventilatory measures, the adequacy of the circulation should be evaluated, keeping in mind that drugs used to treat convulsions sometimes depress the circulation when administered intravenously. Should convulsions persist despite adequate respiratory support, and if the status of the circulation permits, small increments of an ultra-short acting barbiturate (such as thiopental or thiamylal) or a benzodiazepine (such as diazepam) may be administered intravenously. The clinician should be familiar, prior to use of local anesthetics, with these anticonvulsant drugs. Supportive treatment of circulatory depression may require administration of intravenous fluids and, when appropriate, a vasopressor as directed by the clinical situation (e.g., ephedrine). If not treated immediately, both convulsions and cardiovascular depression can result in hypoxia, acidosis, bradycardia, arrhythmias and cardiac arrest. If cardiac arrest should occur, standard cardiopulmonary resuscitative measures should be instituted. The median lethal dose (LD 50 ) of Dyclonine HCl Topical Solution, USP administered orally to female rats is 176 mg/kg and 90 mg/kg in female mice. Intraperitoneally the LD 50 in female rats is 31 mg/kg and 43...

How Supplied

HOW SUPPLIED: Clear and colorless sterile solution, in one fluid ounce bottles. Multi dose Dyclonine HCl Topical Solution 0.5% (NDC 0362-3971-05) Dyclonine HCl Topical Solution 1% (NDC 0362-3918-10). Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Keep upright and preserve in tight and light-resistant container. Avoid excessive heat (temperatures above 40ºC [104ºF]). Subject to damage by freezing.