Capecitabine

Description

11 DESCRIPTION Capecitabine is a nucleoside metabolic inhibitor. The chemical name is 5’-deoxy-5-fluoro-N- [(pentyloxy) carbonyl]-cytidine and has a molecular formula of C 15 H 22 FN 3 O 6 and a molecular weight of 359.35. Capecitabine has the following structural formula: Capecitabine, USP is a white to off-white crystalline powder with an aqueous solubility of 26 mg/mL at 20 o C. Capecitabine tablets, USP are supplied as biconvex, oblong shaped film-coated tablets for oral use. Each light peach colored tablet contains 150 mg capecitabine, USP and each peach colored tablet contains 500 mg capecitabine, USP. The inactive ingredients in capecitabine tablets, USP include: anhydrous lactose, croscarmellose sodium, ferric oxide red, ferric oxide yellow, hypromellose, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, talc and titanium dioxide. Chemical Structure

What Is Capecitabine Used For?

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Capecitabine tablets are a nucleoside metabolic inhibitor indicated for: Colorectal Cancer adjuvant treatment of patients with Stage III colon cancer as a single agent or as a component of a combination chemotherapy regimen. ( 1.1 ) perioperative treatment of adults with locally advanced rectal cancer as a component of chemoradiotherapy. ( 1.1 ) treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic colorectal cancer as a single agent or as a component of a combination chemotherapy regimen. ( 1.1 ) Breast Cancer treatment of patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer as a single agent if an anthracycline- or taxane-containing chemotherapy is not indicated. ( 1.2 ) treatment of patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer in combination with docetaxel after disease progression on prior anthracycline-containing chemotherapy. ( 1.2 ) Gastric, Esophageal, or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer treatment of adults with unresectable or metastatic gastric, esophageal, or gastroesophageal junction cancer as a component of a combination chemotherapy regimen. ( 1.3 ) treatment of adults with HER2-overexpressing metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma who have not received prior treatment for metastatic disease as a component of a combination regimen. ( 1.3 ) Pancreatic Cancer adjuvant treatment of adults with pancreatic adenocarcinoma as a component of a combination chemotherapy regimen. ( 1.4 ) 1.1 Colorectal Cancer Capecitabine tablets are indicated for the: adjuvant treatment o f patients with Stage III colon cancer as a single agent or as a component of a combination chemotherapy regimen. perioperative treatment of adults with locally advanced rectal cancer as a component of chemoradiotherapy. treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic colorectal cancer as a single agent or as a component of a combination chemotherapy regimen. 1.2 Breast Cancer Capecitabine tablets are indicated for the: treatment of patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer as a single agent if an anthracycline- or taxane-containing chemotherapy is not indicated. treatment of patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer in combination with docetaxel after disease progression on prior anthracycline-containing chemotherapy. 1.3 Gastric, Esophageal, or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer Capecitabine tablets are indicated for the: treatment of adults with unresectable or metastatic gastric, esophageal, or gastroesophageal junction cancer as a component of a combination chemotherapy regimen. treatment of adults with HER2-overexpressing metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma who have not received prior treatment for metastatic disease as a component of a combination regimen. 1.4 Pancreatic Cancer Capecitabine tablets are indicated for the adjuvant treatment of adults with pancreatic adenocarcinoma as a component of a combination chemotherapy regimen.

Dosage and Administration

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Adjuvant Treatment of Colon Cancer Single agent: 1,250 mg/m 2 twice daily orally for the first 14 days of each 21-day cycle for a maximum of 8 cycles. ( 2.1 ) In combination with Oxaliplatin-Containing Regimens: 1,000 mg/m 2 orally twice daily for the first 14 days of each 21-day cycle for a maximum of 8 cycles in combination with oxaliplatin 130 mg/m 2 administered intravenously on day 1 of each cycle. ( 2.1 ) Perioperative Treatment of Rectal Cancer With Concomitant Radiation Therapy: 825 mg/m 2 orally twice daily ( 2.1 ) Without Radiation Therapy: 1,250 mg/m 2 orally twice daily ( 2.1 ) Unresectable or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Single agent: 1,250 mg/m 2 twice daily orally for the first 14 days of each 21-day cycle until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. ( 2.1 ) In Combination with Oxaliplatin: 1,000 mg/m 2 orally twice daily for the first 14 days of each 21-day cycle until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity in combination with oxaliplatin 130 mg/m 2 administered intravenously on day 1 of each cycle. ( 2.1 ) Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer: Single agent: 1,000 mg/m 2 or 1,250 mg/m 2 twice daily orally for the first 14 days of each 21-day cycle until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. ( 2.2 ) In combination with docetaxel: 1,000 mg/m 2 or 1,250 mg/m 2 orally twice daily for the first 14 days of a 21-day cycle, until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity in combination with docetaxel at 75 mg/m 2 administered intravenously on day 1 of each cycle ( 2.2 ) Unresectable or Metastatic Gastric, Esophageal, or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer 625 mg/m 2 orally twice daily on days 1 to 21 of each 21-day cycle for a maximum of 8 cycles in combination with platinum-containing chemotherapy. ( 2.3 ) OR 850 mg/m 2 or 1,000 mg/m 2 orally twice daily for the first 14 days of each 21-day cycle until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity in combination with oxaliplatin 130 mg/m 2 administered intravenously on day 1 of each cycle. ( 2.3 ) HER2-overexpressing metastatic adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction or stomach 1,000 mg/m 2 orally twice daily for the first 14 days of each 21-day cycle until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity in combination with cisplatin and trastuzumab. ( 2.3 ) Pancreatic Cancer 830 mg/m 2 orally twice daily for the first 21 days of each 28-day cycle for maximum of 6 cycles in combination with gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m 2 administered intravenously on days 1, 8, and 15 of each cycle. ( 2.4 ) Refer to Sections 2.5 and 2.6 for information related to dosage modifications for adverse reactions and renal impairment ( 2.5 and 2.6 ). 2.1 Recommended Dosage for Colorectal Cancer Adjuvant Treatment of Colon Cancer Single Agent The recommended dosage of capecitabine tablets are 1,250 mg/m 2 orally twice daily for the first 14 days of each 21-day cycle for a maximum of 8 cycles. In Combination with Oxaliplatin-Containing Regimens The recommended...

Side Effects (Adverse Reactions)

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following clinically significant adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling: Cardiotoxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] Diarrhea [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] Dehydration [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] Renal Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] Serious Skin Toxicities [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] Palmar-Plantar Erythrodysesthesia Syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) ] Myelosuppression [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9) ] Hyperbilirubinemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10) ] Most common adverse reactions in patients who received capecitabine as a single agent for the adjuvant treatment for colon cancer ( > 30%) were palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome, diarrhea, and nausea. ( 6.1 ) Most common adverse reactions ( > 30%) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who received capecitabine as a single agent were anemia, diarrhea, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome, hyperbilirubinemia, nausea, fatigue, and abdominal pain. ( 6.1 ) Most common adverse reactions ( > 30%) in patients with metastatic breast cancer who received capecitabine with docetaxel were diarrhea, stomatitis, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome, nausea, alopecia, vomiting, edema, and abdominal pain. ( 6.1 ) Most common adverse reactions ( > 30%) in patients with metastatic breast cancer who received capecitabine as a single agent were lymphopenia, anemia, diarrhea, hand-and-foot syndrome, nausea, fatigue, vomiting, and dermatitis. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Aurobindo Pharma USA, Inc. at 1-866-850-2876 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Adjuvant Treatment of Colon Cancer Single Agent The safety of capecitabine as a single agent was evaluated in patients with Stage III colon cancer in X-ACT [see Clinical Studies (14.1) ] . Patients received capecitabine 1,250 mg/m 2 orally twice daily for the first 14 days of a 21-day cycle (N=995) or leucovorin 20 mg/m 2 intravenously followed by fluorouracil 425 mg/m 2 as an intravenous bolus on days 1 to 5 of each 28-day cycle (N=974). Among patients who received capecitabine, the median duration of treatment was 5.4 months. Deaths due to all causes occurred in 0.8% of patients who received capecitabine on study or within 28 days of receiving study drug. Permanent discontinuation due to an adverse reaction occurred in 11% of patients who received capecitabine. Most common adverse reactions (>30%) were palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome, diarrhea, and nausea. Tables 2 and 3 summarize the adverse reactions and laboratory abnormalities in X-ACT. Table 2 Adverse Reactions (>10%) in Patients Who Received Capecitabine for Adjuvant Treatment of Colon Cancer in X-ACT Adverse Reaction Capecitabine (N=995) Fluorouracil + Leucovorin (N=974) All Grades (%) Grade 3 or 4 (%) All Grades (%) Grade 3 or 4 (%) Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome 60 17 9 <1 Gastrointestinal Diarrhea 47 12 65 14 Nausea 34 2 47 2 Stomatitis 22 2 60 14 Vomiting 15 2 21 2 Abdominal pain 14 3 16 2 General Fatigue 16 <1 16 1 Asthenia 10 <1 10 1 Lethargy 10 <1 9 <1 Clinically relevant adverse reactions in <10% of patients are presented below: Eye: conjunctivitis Gastrointestinal: constipation, upper abdominal pain, dyspepsia General: pyrexia Metabolism and Nutrition: anorexia Nervous System: dizziness, dysgeusia, headache Skin & Subcutaneous Tissue: rash, alopecia, erythema Table 3 Grade 3 or 4 Laboratory Abnormalities (>1%) in Patients Who Received Capecitabine as a Single Agent for Adjuvant Treatment of Colon Cancer in X-ACT Laboratory Abnormality Capecitabine (N=995)...

Drug Interactions

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS Allopurinol: Avoid concomitant use of allopurinol with capecitabine. ( 7.1 ) Leucovorin: Closely monitor for toxicities when capecitabine is coadministered with leucovorin. ( 7.1 ) CYP2C9 substrates: Closely monitor for adverse reactions when CYP2C9 substrates are coadministered with capecitabine. ( 7.2 ) Vitamin K antagonists: Monitor INR more frequently and dose adjust oral vitamin K antagonist as appropriate Phenytoin : Closely monitor phenytoin levels in patients taking capecitabine concomitantly with phenytoin and adjust the phenytoin dose as appropriate. ( 7.2 ) Nephrotoxic drugs: Closely monitor for signs of renal toxicity when capecitabine is used concomitantly with nephrotoxic drugs. ( 7.3 ) 7.1 Effect of Other Drugs on Capecitabine Allopurinol Concomitant use with allopurinol may decrease concentration of capecitabine’s active metabolites [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] , which may decrease efficacy. Avoid concomitant use of allopurinol with capecitabine. Leucovorin The concentration of fluorouracil is increased and its toxicity may be enhanced by leucovorin, folic acid, or folate analog products. Deaths from severe enterocolitis, diarrhea, and dehydration have been reported in elderly patients receiving weekly leucovorin and fluorouracil. Instruct patients not to take products containing folic acid or folate analog products unless directed to do so by their healthcare provider. 7.2 Effect of Capecitabine on Other Drugs CYP2C9 Substrates Capecitabine increased exposure of CYP2C9 substrates [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] , which may increase the risk of adverse reactions related to these substrates. Closely monitor for adverse reactions of CYP2C9 substrates where minimal concentration changes may lead to serious adverse reactions when used concomitantly with capecitabine (e.g., anticoagulants, antidiabetic drugs). Vitamin K Antagonists Capecitabine increases exposure of vitamin K antagonist [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ], which m ay alter coagulation parameters and/or bleeding and could result in death [see Warning and Precautions (5.1) ] . These events may occur within days of treatment initiation and up to 1 month after discontinuation of capecitabine. Monitor INR more frequently and refer to the prescribing information of oral vitamin K antagonist for dosage adjustment, as appropriate, when capecitabine is used concomitantly with vitamin K antagonist. Phenytoin Capecitabine may increases exposure of phenytoin, which may increase the risk of adverse reactions related to phenytoin. Closely monitor phenytoin levels and refer to the prescribing information of phenytoin for dosage adjustment, as appropriate, when capecitabine is used concomitantly with phenytoin. 7.3 Nephrotoxic Drugs Due of the additive pharmacologic effect, concomitant use of capecitabine with other drugs known to cause renal toxicity may increase the risk of renal toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ]. Closely monitor for...

Contraindications

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Capecitabine is contraindicated in patients with history of severe hypersensitivity reaction to fluorouracil or capecitabine [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) ] . History of severe hypersensitivity reactions to fluorouracil or capecitabine

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Based on findings in animal reproduction studies and its mechanism of action [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1) ] , capecitabine can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Available human data with capecitabine use in pregnant women is not sufficient to inform the drug-associated risk. In animal reproduction studies, administration of capecitabine to pregnant animals during the period of organogenesis caused embryolethality and teratogenicity in mice and embryolethality in monkeys at 0.2 and 0.6 times the exposure (AUC) in patients receiving the recommended dose of 1,250 mg/m 2 twice daily, respectively (see Data) . Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. Data Animal Data Oral administration of capecitabine to pregnant mice during the period of organogenesis at a dose of 198 mg/kg/day caused malformations and embryo lethality. In separate pharmacokinetic studies, this dose in mice produced 5’-DFUR AUC values that were approximately 0.2 times the AUC values in patients administered the recommended daily dose. Malformations in mice included cleft palate, anophthalmia, microphthalmia, oligodactyly, polydactyly, syndactyly, kinky tail and dilation of cerebral ventricles. Oral administration of capecitabine to pregnant monkeys during the period of organogenesis at a dose of 90 mg/kg/day, caused fetal lethality. This dose produced 5’-DFUR AUC values that were approximately 0.6 times the AUC values in patients administered the recommended daily dose.

8.3 Females and Males of Reproductive Potential Capecitabine can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1) ] . Pregnancy Testing Verify pregnancy status in females of reproductive potential prior to initiating capecitabine. Contraception Females Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with capecitabine and for 6 months after the last dose. Males Based on genotoxicity findings, advise males with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with capecitabine and for 3 months after the last dose [see Nonclinical Toxicology (13.1) ]. Infertility Based on animal studies, capecitabine may impair fertility in females and males of reproductive potential [see Nonclinical Toxicology (13.1) ] .

Overdosage

10 OVERDOSAGE Administer uridine triacetate within 96 hours for management of capecitabine overdose. Although no clinical experience using dialysis as a treatment for capecitabine overdose has been reported, dialysis may be of benefit in reducing circulating concentrations of 5’-DFUR, a low– molecular-weight metabolite of the parent compound.

How Supplied

16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING Capecitabine Tablets, USP 150 mg are light peach colored biconvex, oblong shaped film-coated tablets, debossed with 150 on one side and plain on the other side and are supplied as follows Bottles of 60 NDC 59651-204-60 Carton of 10 (1 X 10) unit-dose Tablets NDC 59651-204-10 Capecitabine Tablets, USP 500 mg are peach colored biconvex, oblong shaped film-coated tablets, debossed with 500 on one side and plain on the other side and are supplied as follows Bottles of 120 NDC 59651-205-08 Carton of 10 (1 X 10) unit-dose Tablets NDC 59651-205-10 Storage and Handling Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. KEEP TIGHTLY CLOSED. Capecitabine is a cytotoxic drug. Follow applicable special handling and disposal procedures. 1