Calcium Acetate

Description

11 DESCRIPTION Calcium acetate acts as a phosphate binder. Its chemical name is calcium acetate. Its molecular formula is C 4 H 6 CaO 4 , and its molecular weight is 158.17. Its structural formula is: Calcium Acetate Capsules are Hard Gelatin Capsules filled with white to off-white granular powder having a blue opaque cap and white opaque body imprinted "S086" on both parts. Each capsule contains 667 mg calcium acetate, USP (anhydrous; Ca(CH 3 COO) 2 ; MW=158.17 grams) equal to 169 mg (8.45 mEq) calcium. Each capsule contains the following inactive ingredients: Crospovidone NF, Sodium lauryl Sulfate NF, Magnesium Stearate NF. The gelatin cap and body have the following inactive ingredients: FD&C blue #1, D&C red #28, titanium dioxide, USP and gelatin, USP. The Imprinting black ink contain shellac NF, black iron oxide NF and potassium hydroxide NF. Calcium acetate capsules are administered orally for the control of hyperphosphatemia in end-stage renal failure. "FDA approved dissolution test specifications differ from USP." image

What Is Calcium Acetate Used For?

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Calcium acetate capsules are a phosphate binder indicated to reduce serum phosphorus in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). Calcium acetate capsules are a phosphate binder indicated for the reduction of serum phosphorus in patients with end stage renal disease. (1)

Dosage and Administration

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION The recommended initial dose of calcium acetate for the adult dialysis patient is 2 capsules with each meal. Increase the dose gradually to lower serum phosphorus levels to the target range, as long as hypercalcemia does not develop. Most patients require 3-4 capsules with each meal. Starting dose is 2 capsules with each meal. (2) Titrate the dose every 2-3 weeks until acceptable serum phosphorus level is reached. Most patients require 3-4 capsules with each meal. (2)

Side Effects (Adverse Reactions)

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS Hypercalcemia is discussed elsewhere [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] . The most common (>10%) adverse reactions are hypercalcemia, nausea, and vomiting. (6.1) In clinical studies, patients have occasionally experienced nausea during calcium acetate therapy. (6) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. In clinical studies, calcium acetate has been generally well tolerated. Calcium acetate was studied in a 3-month, open-label, non-randomized study of 98 enrolled ESRD hemodialysis patients and an alternate liquid formulation of calcium acetate was studied in a two week double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study with 69 enrolled ESRD hemodialysis patients. Adverse reactions (>2% on treatment) from these trials are presented in Table 1. Table 1: Adverse Reactions in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis Preferred Term Total adverse reactions reported for calcium acetate n=167 n (%) 3-mo, open-label study of calcium acetate n=98 n (%) Double blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study of liquid calcium acetate n=69 Calcium acetate n (%) Placebo n (%) Nausea 6 (3.6) 6 (6.1) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) Vomiting 4 (2.4) 4 (4.1) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) Hypercalcemia 21 (12.6) 16 (16.3) 5 (7.2) 0 (0.0) Mild hypercalcemia may be asymptomatic or manifest itself as constipation, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting. More severe hypercalcemia is associated with confusion, delirium, stupor, and coma. Decreasing dialysate calcium concentration could reduce the incidence and severity of calcium acetate-induced hypercalcemia. Isolated cases of pruritus have been reported, which may represent allergic reactions. 6.2 Postmarketing Experience Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to estimate their frequency or to establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. The following additional adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval of calcium acetate: dizziness, edema, and weakness.

Drug Interactions

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS The drug interaction of calcium acetate is characterized by the potential of calcium to bind to drugs with anionic functions (e.g., carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups). Calcium acetate may decrease the bioavailability of tetracyclines or fluoroquinolones via this mechanism. There are no empirical data on avoiding drug interactions between calcium acetate and most concomitant drugs. When administering an oral medication with calcium acetate where a reduction in the bioavailability of that medication would have a clinically significant effect on its safety or efficacy, administer the drug one hour before or three hours after calcium acetate. Monitor blood levels of the concomitant drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Patients taking anti-arrhythmic medications for the control of arrhythmias and anti-seizure medications for the control of seizure disorders were excluded from the clinical trials with all forms of calcium acetate. Calcium acetate may decrease the bioavailability of tetracyclines or fluoroquinolones. (7) When clinically significant drug interactions are expected, administer the drug at least one hour before or at least three hours after calcium acetate or consider monitoring blood levels of the drug. (7) 7.1 Ciprofloxacin In a study of 15 healthy subjects, a co-administered single dose of 4 calcium acetate tablets, approximately 2.7 g, decreased the bioavailability of ciprofloxacin by approximately 50%.

Contraindications

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Patients with hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia. (4)

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

8.1 Pregnancy Pregnancy Category C Calcium acetate capsules contains calcium acetate. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with calcium acetate, and there are no adequate and well controlled studies of calcium acetate use in pregnant women. Patients with end stage renal disease may develop hypercalcemia with calcium acetate treatment [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] . Maintenance of normal serum calcium levels is important for maternal and fetal well being. Hypercalcemia during pregnancy may increase the risk for maternal and neonatal complications such as stillbirth, preterm delivery, and neonatal hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism. Calcium acetate treatment, as recommended, is not expected to harm a fetus if maternal calcium levels are properly monitored during and following treatment.

8.3 Nursing Mothers Calcium acetate capsule contains calcium acetate and is excreted in human milk. Human milk feeding by a mother receiving calcium acetate is not expected to harm an infant, provided maternal serum calcium levels are appropriately monitored.

Overdosage

10 OVERDOSAGE Administration of calcium acetate in excess of the appropriate daily dosage may result in hypercalcemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] .

How Supplied

16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING Calcium acetate capsules, USP are available as hard gelatin capsule filled with white to off-white granular powder having a blue opaque cap and white opaque body imprinted "S086" on both parts. Each capsule contains 667 mg calcium acetate, USP (anhydrous; Ca(CH 3 COO) 2 ; MW=158.17 grams) equal to 169 mg (8.45 mEq) calcium. Supplied in Bottles of 200 (NDC 76483-086-00). STORAGE: Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F); excursions permitted to 15°-30°C (59°-86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].