Bismuth Subcitrate Potassium, Metronidazole, And Tetracycline Hydrochloride

FDA Drug Information • Also known as: Bismuth Subcitrate Potassium, Metronidazole And Tetracycline Hydrochloride, Bismuth Subcitrate...

Brand Names: Bismuth Subcitrate Potassium, Metronidazole And Tetracycline Hydrochloride, Bismuth Subcitrate Potassium, Metronidazole, And Tetracycline Hydrochloride, Pylera
Drug Class: Nitroimidazole Antimicrobial [EPC]
Route: ORAL
Dosage Form: CAPSULE
Product Type: HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG

⚠ Boxed Warning (Black Box)

WARNING: POTENTIAL FOR CARCINOGENICITY Metronidazole has been shown to be carcinogenic in mice and rats. It is unknown whether metronidazole is associated with carcinogenicity in humans [see Warning and Precautions (5.1) ]. WARNING: POTENTIAL FOR CARCINOGENICITY See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. Metronidazole has been shown to be carcinogenic in mice and rats. It is unknown whether metronidazole is associated with carcinogenicity in humans ( 5.1 ).

Description

11 DESCRIPTION PYLERA capsules are a combination antimicrobial product containing bismuth subcitrate potassium, metronidazole, and tetracycline hydrochloride for oral administration. Each size 0 elongated capsule contains: bismuth subcitrate potassium, 140 mg metronidazole, 125 mg smaller capsule (size 3) containing tetracycline hydrochloride, 125 mg Tetracycline hydrochloride is encapsulated within a smaller capsule to create a barrier to avoid contact with bismuth subcitrate potassium. Each PYLERA capsule contains the following inactive ingredients: Magnesium Stearate NF, Lactose Monohydrate NF, Talc USP, Gelatin USP, and Titanium Dioxide NF, Printed in red ink. Bismuth subcitrate potassium is a white or almost white powder. It is a soluble, complex bismuth salt of citric acid. The schematized empirical molecular formula of bismuth subcitrate potassium is Bi (Citrate) 2 K 5 ∙3 H 2 O. The equivalent theoretical molecular formula is BiC 12 H 14 K 5 O 17 . The molecular mass of the theoretical molecular formula of a single unit of bismuth subcitrate potassium is 834.71. Metronidazole is a white to pale yellow crystalline powder. Metronidazole is 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole-1-ethanol, with a molecular formula of C 6 H 9 N 3 O 3 and the following structural formula: Molecular weight: 171.2 Tetracycline hydrochloride is a yellow, odorless, crystalline powder. Tetracycline hydrochloride is stable in air, but exposure to strong sunlight causes it to darken. Tetracycline hydrochloride is (4S,4aS,5aS,6S,12aS)-4-(dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,6,10,12,12a-penta-hydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-2-naphthacenecarboxamide hydrochloride, with a molecular formula of C 22 H 24 N 2 O 8 ∙HCl and the following structural formula: Molecular weight: 480.90 Chemical Structure Chemical Structure

What Is Bismuth Subcitrate Potassium, Metronidazole, And Tetracycline Hydrochloride Used For?

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE PYLERA is a combination of metronidazole, a nitroimidazole antimicrobial, tetracycline,- a tetracycline class antimicrobial and bismuth subcitrate potassium, indicated for use, in combination with omeprazole, for the treatment of patients with Helicobacter pylori infection and duodenal ulcer disease (active or history of within the past 5 years) to eradicate H. pylori. ( 1.1 ) To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of PYLERA and other antibacterial drugs, PYLERA should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria. ( 1.2 ) 1.1 Eradication of Helicobacter pylori in Patients with Active Duodenal Ulcer or History of Duodenal Ulcer Disease PYLERA in combination with omeprazole are indicated for the treatment of patients with Helicobacter pylori infection and duodenal ulcer disease (active or history of within the past 5 years) to eradicate H. pylori . The eradication of Helicobacter pylori has been shown to reduce the risk of duodenal ulcer recurrence. 1.2 Usage To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of PYLERA and other antibacterial drugs, PYLERA should be used to treat only indicated infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.

Dosage and Administration

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Administer three PYLERA capsules 4 times a day (after meals and at bedtime) for 10 days. One omeprazole 20 mg capsule should be taken twice a day with PYLERA after the morning and evening meal for 10 days ( Table 1 ). Table 1: Daily Dosing Schedule for PYLERA Time of dose Number of capsules of PYLERA Number of capsules of omeprazole 20 mg After morning meal 3 1 After lunch 3 0 After evening meal 3 1 At bedtime 3 0 Instruct patients to swallow the PYLERA capsules whole with a full glass of water (8 ounces). Ingestion of adequate amounts of fluid, particularly with the bedtime dose, is recommended to reduce the risk of esophageal irritation and ulceration by tetracycline hydrochloride. If a dose is missed, patients should continue the normal dosing schedule until medication is gone. Patients should not take double doses. If more than 4 doses are missed, the prescriber should be contacted. Administer three PYLERA capsules 4 times a day (after meals and at bedtime) for 10 days. ( 2 ) Administer PYLERA with omeprazole 20 mg twice daily (after the morning and evening meals). ( 2 )

Side Effects (Adverse Reactions)

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS Most frequently reported adverse reactions (≥5%): abnormal feces, diarrhea, nausea, and headache. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact H2-Pharma, LLC at 1-833-520-8580 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. The safety of PYLERA plus omeprazole (OBMT) to eradicate Helicobacter pylori was assessed in an open-label, randomized, active-controlled clinical trial conducted in North America. The duration of treatment was 10 days with 147 patients exposed to PYLERA plus omeprazole (OBMT) and 152 exposed to control, consisting of omeprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin (OAC). The age of the population in the study ranged from 18 to 75 years, with 59% male patients and 59% Caucasian patients. Adverse drug reactions were reported in 58% of patients in the OBMT group and 59% of patients in the OAC group. There were no adverse reactions leading to discontinuation of the study during the clinical trial. Adverse reactions with an incidence of ≥ 5% in OBMT group include abnormal feces, diarrhea, nausea, and headache. Adverse drug reactions with an incidence of ≥ 5% in OAC group include diarrhea, dysgeusia, dyspepsia, nausea and headache. Table 2 lists adverse reactions with an incidence of ≥ 1%, in either group (OBMT vs OAC) and in order of decreasing incidence for the OBMT group. Table 2: Adverse reactions with an incidence of ≥ 1% from North American trial, [n (%)] *OBMT = Omeprazole + PYLERA **OAC = Omeprazole + Amoxicillin + Clarithromycin; *** Dark stools [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9) ] Preferred Term OBMT* (n = 147) OAC** (n = 152) Gastrointestinal disorders Abnormal feces*** 23 (15.6%) 7 (4.6%) Nausea 12 (8.2%) 14 (9.2%) Diarrhea 10 (6.8%) 20 (13.2%) Abdominal Pain 7 (4.8%) 2 (1.3%) Dyspepsia 4 (2.7%) 10 (6.6%) Constipation 2 (1.4%) 5 (3.3%) Dry Mouth 2 (1.4%) 1 (0.7%) Flatulence 0 4 (2.6%) Glossitis 0 2 (1.3%) General disorders and administration site conditions Asthenia 5 (3.4%) 2 (1.3%) Infections and infestations Vaginal infection 4 (2.7%) 3 (2.0%) Nervous system disorders Headache 8 (5.4%) 8 (5.3%) Dysgeusia 6 (4.1%) 18 (11.8%) Dizziness 4 (2.7%) 4 (2.6%) Investigations Laboratory test abnormal 3 (2.0%) 4 (2.6%) Alanine aminotransferase increased 2 (1.4%) 0 Aspartate aminotransferase increased 2 (1.4%) 0 Renal and urinary disorders Urine abnormality 2 (1.4%) 0 Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders Rash Maculo-Papular 2 (1.4%) 0 Rash 1 (0.7%) 3 (2.0%) Pruritus 0 4 (2.6%) Adverse reactions with an incidence of <1% for OBMT group are: back pain, vomiting, tongue darkening [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9) ] , anxiety, gastritis, gastroenteritis, myalgia, chest pain, increased appetite, blood creatine phosphokinase increased, malaise, somnolence, tachycardia, duodenal ulcer, visual disturbance, weight increased. 6.2 Postmarketing Experience Additionally, the following adverse reactions, presented by system organ class in alphabetical order, have been identified during post approval use of PYLERA. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Gastrointestinal disorders: abdominal distention, eructation, flatulence General disorders and administration site conditions: chest discomfort, fatigue Infections and infestations : candidiasis, pseudomembranous colitis ( Clostridium difficile colitis) Nervous Systems: peripheral neuropathy Skin and subcutaneous disorders: Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, DRESS syndrome (drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] 6.3 Other...

Drug Interactions

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS Disulfiram: Psychotic reactions can occur; do not take concurrently or within the last 2 weeks of disulfiram. ( 4.1 , 7.1 ) Alcohol: Abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, headaches, and flushing can occur; do not consume during therapy and for at least 3 days afterwards. ( 4.2 , 7.2 ) Oral Contraceptives: Decreased efficacy possibly resulting in pregnancy; use a different or additional form of contraception. ( 5.14 , 7.3 ) Anticoagulants: Potentiation of the anticoagulant effect; Prothrombin time, International Normalized Ratio (INR), or other suitable anticoagulation tests should be closely monitored. ( 5.14 , 7.4 ) Lithium: Increased lithium serum concentrations; measure serum lithium and serum creatinine concentrations during therapy. ( 5.14 , 7.5 ) Antacids, Multivitamins or Dairy Products: Decreased absorption of PYLERA; do not take concomitantly. ( 7.6 ) Busulfan: Increased busulfan serum concentrations; avoid concomitant use, monitor for busulfan toxicity. ( 7.7 ) CYP inducers and CYP inhibitors: Prolonged or accelerated half-life of metronidazole or concomitant medications; use with caution. ( 7.8 , 7.9 ) 7.1 Disulfiram Psychotic reactions have been reported in alcoholic patients who are using metronidazole, a component of PYLERA and disulfiram concurrently. PYLERA should not be given to patients who have taken disulfiram within the last two weeks [see Contraindications (4.1) ] . 7.2 Alcohol Consumption of alcoholic beverages or administration of other products containing propylene glycol during treatment with PYLERA and for at least 3 days afterwards may cause a disulfiram-like reaction (abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, headaches, and flushing) due to the interaction between alcohol or propylene glycol and metronidazole, a component of PYLERA. Discontinue alcoholic beverage or other products containing propylene glycol during and for at least 3 days after therapy with PYLERA [see Contraindications (4.2) ] . 7.3 Oral Contraceptives Concurrent use of PYLERA with oral contraceptive may make oral contraceptives less effective due to an interaction with the tetracycline component of PYLERA. Breakthrough bleeding has been reported. Women of child-bearing potential should use a different or additional form of contraception while taking PYLERA [see Warnings and Precautions (5.14) ]. 7.4 Anticoagulants PYLERA may alter the anticoagulant effects of warfarin and other oral coumarin anticoagulants. Metronidazole has been reported to potentiate the anticoagulant effect of warfarin, and other oral coumarin anticoagulants, resulting in a prolongation of prothrombin time. Tetracycline has been shown to depress plasma prothrombin activity. Prothrombin time, International Normalized Ratio (INR), or other suitable anticoagulation tests should be closely monitored if PYLERA is administered concomitantly with warfarin. Patients should also be monitored for evidence of bleeding [see Warnings and Precautions (5.14) ]. 7.5 Lithium In...

Contraindications

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Disulfiram usage within the last two weeks. ( 4.1 , 7.1 ) Alcoholic beverage consumption for at least three days during or after therapy. ( 4.2 , 7.2 ) Patients with Cockayne syndrome. ( 4.3 , 6.3 ) Severe renal impairment. ( 4.4 ) Women who are pregnant. ( 4.5 , 8.1 ) Known hypersensitivity to product components. ( 4.6 ) 4.1 Disulfiram PYLERA is contraindicated in patients who have taken disulfiram within the last two weeks. Psychotic reactions have been reported in alcoholic patients who are using metronidazole, a component of PYLERA, and disulfiram concurrently [see Drug Interactions (7.1) ] . 4.2 Alcohol Alcoholic beverages or other products containing propylene glycol should not be consumed during and for at least 3 days after therapy with PYLERA. A disulfiram-like reaction (abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, headaches, and flushing) may occur due to the interaction between alcohol or propylene glycol and metronidazole, a component of PYLERA [see Drug Interactions (7.2) ] . 4.3 Cockayne Syndrome PYLERA is contraindicated in patients with Cockayne syndrome. Severe irreversible hepatotoxicity/acute liver failure with fatal outcomes have been reported after initiation of metronidazole in patients with Cockayne syndrome [see Adverse Reactions (6.3) ]. 4.4 Severe Renal Impairment PYLERA is contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment. The antianabolic action of the tetracyclines may cause an increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) [see Adverse Reactions (6.3) ] . In patients with significantly impaired renal function, higher serum concentrations of tetracyclines may lead to azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, and acidosis. 4.5 Pregnancy PYLERA is contraindicated during pregnancy [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1) ] . 4.6 Hypersensitivity Reactions PYLERA is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity (e.g. urticaria, erythematous rash, flushing, and fever) to bismuth subcitrate potassium, metronidazole or other nitroimidazole...

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary PYLERA is contraindicated in women who are pregnant because treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection can be delayed in pregnant women, and the use of drugs of the tetracycline class during the second and third trimester pregnancy can also cause permanent discoloration of the teeth (yellow-gray brown) and possibly inhibit bone development [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) and Data ] . Administration of oral tetracycline to pregnant rats at various doses resulted in yellow fluorescence in teeth and bones in the newborn animals. There are maternal risks with high intravenous doses of tetracycline [see Clinical Considerations ]. Metronidazole usage in pregnancy has been associated with certain congenital anomalies [see Data ]. In animals, no fetotoxicity was observed when metronidazole was orally administered to pregnant mice at approximately 5% of the indicated human dose. There are no human or animal data on the use of bismuth subcitrate potassium during pregnancy. Although there are data on the separate components, there are no available data on the use of PYLERA in pregnant women. Clinical Considerations Maternal Adverse Reactions Tetracycline administered during pregnancy at high doses (> 2 g IV) was associated with rare but serious cases of maternal hepatotoxicity. This syndrome may result in stillborn or premature birth due to maternal pathology [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ]. Data Human Data Tetracycline Published case reports have described the yellowing of bones and teeth in human infants exposed to tetracycline during the second and third trimester of pregnancy. The yellowing is caused by the direct deposition of tetracycline during the mineralization process. This discoloration is more common during long-term use of the drug but has also been observed following repeated short-term courses. All tetracyclines form a stable calcium complex in any bone forming tissue. A decrease in fibula growth rate was observed in...

Overdosage

10 OVERDOSAGE In case of an overdose, patients should contact a physician, poison control center, or emergency room. The available overdosage information for each of the individual components in PYLERA (Metronidazole, Tetracycline and Bismuth subcitrate potassium) are summarized below: Metronidazole: Single oral doses of metronidazole, up to 15 g, have been reported in suicide attempts and accidental overdoses. Symptoms reported include nausea, vomiting, and ataxia. Metronidazole is dialyzable. Neurotoxic effects, including seizures and peripheral neuropathy, have been reported after 5 to 7 days of doses of 6 to 10.4 g every other day. Treatment of Overdosage There is no specific antidote for metronidazole overdose; therefore, management of the patient should consist of symptomatic and supportive therapy. Tetracycline: In case of overdosage, discontinue medication, treat symptomatically and institute supportive measures. Dialysis does not alter serum half-life and thus would not be of benefit in treating cases of overdosage. Bismuth subcitrate potassium: Symptoms of a bismuth subcitrate potassium overdosage are not known.

How Supplied

16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING PYLERA is supplied as a white opaque capsule containing 140 mg bismuth subcitrate potassium, 125 mg metronidazole, and 125 mg tetracycline hydrochloride, with the APTALIS ™ logo printed on the body and "BMT" printed on the cap. PYLERA capsules are supplied as the 10 day Therapy pack containing 10 blister cards, with each card containing 12 PYLERA capsules for a total of 120 capsules. NDC Number: 61269-380-12, Blister pack of 120. Storage Store at controlled room temperature [68° to 77°F or 20° to 25°C].

About This Information

This drug information is sourced from FDA-approved labeling via the openFDA database. It is intended for educational and reference purposes only. This is not medical advice. Always consult your healthcare provider before making decisions about medication. Drug information may be updated by the FDA; check with your pharmacist for the most current information.

What are side effects?

Side effects are unwanted reactions that can occur when taking a medication. They range from mild (headache, nausea) to severe (allergic reactions, organ damage). Not everyone experiences side effects, and severity varies. Report any concerning side effects to your doctor.

What are drug interactions?

Drug interactions occur when a medication is affected by another drug, food, or supplement. Interactions can make medications less effective or cause dangerous side effects. Always tell your doctor about all medications and supplements you take.