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Atazanavir And Cobicistat

FDA Drug Information • Also known as: Evotaz

Brand Names
Evotaz
Drug Class
Cytochrome P450 3A Inhibitor [EPC]
Route
ORAL
Dosage Form
TABLET
Product Type
HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG

Description

11 DESCRIPTION EVOTAZ ® is a fixed-dose tablet for oral administration containing the active ingredients atazanavir and cobicistat. Atazanavir is an HIV-1 protease inhibitor. Cobicistat is a mechanism-based inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes of the CYP3A family. EVOTAZ tablets contain 342 mg of atazanavir sulfate, equivalent to 300 mg of atazanavir, and 150 mg of cobicistat, as well as the following inactive ingredients in the tablet core: croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone, hydroxypropyl cellulose, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, silicon dioxide, sodium starch glycolate, and stearic acid. The tablets are film-coated with a coating material containing the following inactive ingredients: hypromellose, red iron oxide, talc, titanium dioxide, triacetin. Atazanavir: Atazanavir is present as the sulfate salt. The chemical name for atazanavir sulfate is (3 S ,8 S ,9 S ,12 S )-3,12-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-8-hydroxy-4,11-dioxo-9-(phenylmethyl)-6-[[4-(2-pyridinyl)phenyl]methyl]-2,5,6,10,13-pentaazatetradecanedioic acid dimethyl ester, sulfate (1:1). Its molecular formula is C 38 H 52 N 6 O 7

  • H 2 SO 4 , which corresponds to a molecular weight of 802.9 (sulfuric acid salt). The free base molecular weight is 704.9. Atazanavir sulfate has the following structural formula: Atazanavir sulfate is a white to pale-yellow crystalline powder. It is slightly soluble in water (4-5 mg/mL, free base equivalent) with the pH of a saturated solution in water being about 1.9 at 24 ± 3°C. Cobicistat: The chemical name for cobicistat is 1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl [(2 R ,5 R )-5-{[(2 S )-2-[(methyl{[2-(propan-2-yl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]methyl}carbamoyl)amino]-4-(morpholin-4-yl)butanoyl]amino}-1,6-diphenylhexan-2-yl]carbamate. It has a molecular formula of C 40 H 53 N 7 O 5 S 2 and a molecular weight of 776.0. It has the following structural formula: Cobicistat is adsorbed onto silicon dioxide. Cobicistat on silicon dioxide is a white to pale yellow solid with a solubility of 0.1...

    • What Is Atazanavir And Cobicistat Used For?

    1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE EVOTAZ is a two-drug combination of atazanavir, a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) protease inhibitor, and cobicistat, a CYP3A inhibitor indicated for use in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV‑1 infection in adults and pediatric patients weighing at least 35 kg. (1) Limitations of Use Use of EVOTAZ in treatment-experienced patients should be guided by the number of baseline primary protease inhibitor resistance substitutions. (1) 1.1 Indications EVOTAZ ® is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection in the following populations [see Dosage and Administration (2.2 , 2.3) ] :

  • Adult patients
  • Pediatric patients weighing at least 35 kg. 1.2 Limitations of Use Use of EVOTAZ in treatment-experienced patients should be guided by the number of baseline primary protease inhibitor resistance substitutions [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.4) ] .

    • Dosage and Administration

    2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

  • Pretreatment testing: Renal laboratory testing should be performed in all patients prior to initiation of EVOTAZ and continued during treatment with EVOTAZ. Hepatic testing should be performed in patients with underlying liver disease prior to initiation of EVOTAZ and continued during treatment with EVOTAZ. (2.1)
  • Recommended dosage: One tablet once daily, taken orally with food in adults and pediatric patients weighing at least 35 kg. (2.2)
  • Renal impairment: EVOTAZ is not recommended for use in treatment-experienced patients with end-stage renal disease managed with hemodialysis. (2.3 , 8.6)
  • Hepatic impairment: EVOTAZ is not recommended in patients with any degree of hepatic impairment. (2.4 , 8.7) 2.1 Laboratory Testing Prior to Initiation and During Treatment with EVOTAZ Renal Testing Renal laboratory testing should be performed in all patients prior to initiation of EVOTAZ and continued during treatment with EVOTAZ. Renal laboratory testing should include estimated creatinine clearance, serum creatinine, and urinalysis with microscopic examination [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5, 5.6) ] . Cobicistat decreases estimated creatinine clearance due to inhibition of tubular secretion of creatinine without affecting actual renal glomerular function [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] . When coadministering EVOTAZ with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (tenofovir DF), assess estimated creatinine clearance, urine glucose, and urine protein at baseline and routinely monitor during treatment. In patients with chronic kidney disease, also monitor serum phosphorus [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] . Hepatic Testing Hepatic laboratory testing should be performed in patients with underlying liver disease prior to initiation of EVOTAZ and continued during treatment with EVOTAZ [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ]. 2.2 Recommended Dosage EVOTAZ is a fixed-dose tablet containing 300 mg of atazanavir and 150 mg of cobicistat. The recommended dosage of EVOTAZ is one tablet taken once daily orally with food [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] in both treatment-naive and treatment-experienced patients with HIV-1:
  • Adult patients
  • Pediatric patients weighing at least 35 kg Administer EVOTAZ in conjunction with other antiretroviral agents [see Drug Interactions (7) ] . Dose separation may be required when taken with H 2 -receptor antagonists or proton-pump inhibitors [see Drug Interactions (7.2 , 7.3) ] . 2.3 Dosage in Patients with Renal Impairment EVOTAZ is not recommended in treatment-experienced patients with HIV-1 who have end-stage renal disease managed with hemodialysis [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] . EVOTAZ coadministered with tenofovir DF is not recommended in patients with estimated creatinine clearance below 70 mL/min. Coadministration of EVOTAZ and tenofovir DF in combination with concomitant or recent use of a nephrotoxic agent is not recommended [see Warnings and...

    • Side Effects (Adverse Reactions)

    6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the labeling:

  • cardiac conduction abnormalities [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ]
  • rash [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ]
  • effects on serum creatinine [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ]
  • new onset or worsening renal impairment when used with tenofovir DF [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ]
  • chronic kidney disease [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ]
  • nephrolithiasis and cholelithiasis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ]
  • hepatotoxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ]
  • hyperbilirubinemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10) ] For additional safety information about atazanavir and cobicistat, consult the full prescribing information for these individual products. Most common adverse reactions seen with atazanavir coadministered with cobicistat (greater than 5%, Grades 2-4) are jaundice and rash. (6.1) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Bristol-Myers Squibb at 1-800-721-5072 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trial Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Adverse Reactions from Clinical Trial Experience in Adult Participants The safety of atazanavir and cobicistat coadministered as single agents is based on Week 144 data from a Phase 3 trial, Study GS-US-216-0114, in which 692 antiretroviral treatment-naive participants with HIV-1 received:
  • atazanavir coadministered with cobicistat and emtricitabine/tenofovir DF (N=344) or
  • atazanavir coadministered with ritonavir and emtricitabine/tenofovir DF (N=348). The most common adverse reactions (Grades 2-4) and reported in ≥5% of participants in the atazanavir coadministered with cobicistat group were jaundice (6%) and rash (5%). The proportion of participants who discontinued study treatment due to adverse events regardless of severity, was 11% in both the atazanavir coadministered with cobicistat and atazanavir coadministered with ritonavir groups. Table 2 lists the frequency of adverse reactions (Grades 2-4) occurring in at least 2% of participants in the atazanavir coadministered with cobicistat group in Study GS-US-216-0114. Table 2: Selected Adverse Reactions a (Grades 2-4) Reported in ≥2% of Treatment-Naive Adults with HIV-1 in the Atazanavir Coadministered with Cobicistat Group in Study GS-US-216-0114 (Week 144 analysis) Atazanavir coadministered with cobicistat and emtricitabine/tenofovir DF (n=344) Atazanavir coadministered with ritonavir and emtricitabine/tenofovir DF (n=348) Jaundice 6% 3% Rash b 5% 4% Ocular icterus 4% 2% Nausea 2% 2% Diarrhea 2% 1% Headache 2% 1% a Frequencies of adverse reactions are based on Grades 2-4 adverse events attributed to study drugs. b Rash events include dermatitis allergic, drug hypersensitivity, pruritus generalized, eosinophilic pustular folliculitis, rash, rash generalized, rash macular, rash maculopapular, rash morbilliform, rash papular, and urticaria. Less Common Adverse Reactions Selected adverse reactions of at least moderate severity (≥ Grade 2) occurring in less than 2% of participants receiving atazanavir coadministered with cobicistat and emtricitabine/tenofovir DF are listed below. These events have been included because of investigator’s assessment of potential causal relationship and were considered serious or have been reported in more than one participant treated with atazanavir coadministered with cobicistat and reported with greater frequency compared with the atazanavir coadministered with ritonavir group. Gastrointestinal Disorders: vomiting, upper abdominal pain General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions: fatigue Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders: rhabdomyolysis Psychiatric Disorders:...

    • Drug Interactions

    7 DRUG INTERACTIONS Coadministration of EVOTAZ can alter the concentration of other drugs and other drugs may alter the concentration of EVOTAZ, which may result in known or potentially significant drug interactions. The potential drug-drug interactions must be considered prior to and during therapy. (4 , 7 , 12.3) 7.1 Potential for EVOTAZ to Affect Other Drugs Atazanavir is an inhibitor of CYP3A and UGT1A1 and a weak inhibitor of CYP2C8. Cobicistat is an inhibitor of CYP3A and CYP2D6. The transporters that cobicistat inhibits include P-glycoprotein (P-gp), BCRP, OATP1B1 and OATP1B3. Coadministration of EVOTAZ with drugs highly dependent on CYP3A for clearance and for which elevated plasma concentrations are associated with serious and/or life-threatening events is contraindicated [see Contraindications (4) ] . Coadministration of EVOTAZ and drugs primarily metabolized by CYP3A, UGT1A1 and/or CYP2D6 or drugs that are substrates of P-gp, BCRP, OATP1B1 and/or OATP1B3 may result in increased plasma concentrations of the other drug that could increase or prolong its therapeutic effects and adverse reactions which may require dose adjustments and/or additional monitoring as shown in Table 5. Use of EVOTAZ is not recommended when coadministered with drugs highly dependent on CYP2C8 for clearance with narrow therapeutic indices (e.g., paclitaxel, repaglinide) [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3; Table 7) ] . 7.2 Potential for Other Drugs to Affect EVOTAZ Atazanavir and cobicistat are CYP3A4 substrates; therefore, drugs that induce CYP3A4 may decrease atazanavir and cobicistat plasma concentrations and reduce the therapeutic effect of EVOTAZ, leading to development of resistance to atazanavir (see Table 5). Cobicistat is also metabolized by CYP2D6 to a minor extent. Coadministration of EVOTAZ with other drugs that inhibit CYP3A4 may increase the plasma concentrations of cobicistat and atazanavir (see Table 5). Atazanavir solubility decreases as pH increases. Reduced plasma concentrations of atazanavir are expected if proton-pump inhibitors, antacids, buffered medications, or H 2 -receptor antagonists are administered with EVOTAZ (see Table 5) [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) ] . 7.3 Established and Other Potentially Significant Drug Interactions Table 5 provides dosing recommendations as a result of drug interactions with the components of EVOTAZ. These recommendations are based either on observed drug interactions in studies of cobicistat, atazanavir, or atazanavir coadministered with ritonavir or predicted drug interactions based on the expected magnitude of interaction and potential for serious events or loss of therapeutic effect of EVOTAZ [see Contraindications (4) , Warnings and Precautions (5.8) , and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] . Table 5: Established and Other Potentially Significant Drug Interactions with EVOTAZ: Alteration in Dose or Regimen May Be Recommended Based on Drug Interaction Studies a or Predicted Interactions Concomitant Drug...

    Contraindications

    4 CONTRAINDICATIONS The concomitant use of EVOTAZ and the following drugs in Table 1, are contraindicated due to the potential for serious and/or life-threatening events or loss of therapeutic effect [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8 , 5.9) , Drug Interactions (7) , and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ]. EVOTAZ is contraindicated:

  • in patients with previously demonstrated clinically significant hypersensitivity (e.g., Stevens-Johnson syndrome, erythema multiforme, or toxic skin eruptions) to any of the components of this product [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] .
  • when coadministered with drugs that strongly induce CYP3A4, which may lead to lower exposure of EVOTAZ resulting in potential loss of efficacy and development of possible resistance (Table 5).
  • when coadministered with drugs that are highly dependent on CYP3A or UGT1A1 for clearance, and for which elevated plasma concentrations of the interacting drugs are associated with serious and/or life-threatening events (see Table 5). For additional information, including clinical comments and potential impact on exposure levels associated with drugs that are contraindicated with EVOTAZ, refer to Table 5 [see Drug Interactions (7.3) ] . Coadministration is contraindicated with, but not limited to, the following drugs: Table 1: Drugs Contraindicated with EVOTAZ Drug Class Drugs within class that are contraindicated with EVOTAZ a Refer to Table 5 for sildenafil when administered for erectile dysfunction [see Drug Interactions (7.3) ]. b Refer to Table 5 for parenterally administered midazolam [see Drug Interactions (7.3) ]. Alpha 1-adrenoreceptor antagonist alfuzosin Antianginal ranolazine Antiarrhythmics dronedarone Anticonvulsants carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin Antigout colchicine (when used in patients with hepatic and/or renal impairment) Antimycobacterials rifampin Antineoplastics apalutamide, encorafenib, irinotecan, ivosidenib Antipsychotics lurasidone, pimozide Ergot Derivatives...

    • Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

    8.1 Pregnancy Pregnancy Exposure Registry There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in individuals exposed to EVOTAZ during pregnancy. Healthcare providers are encouraged to register patients by calling the Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry (APR) at 1-800-258-4263. Risk Summary EVOTAZ is not recommended for use during pregnancy and should not be initiated in pregnant individuals [see Dosage and Administration (2.5) ] ; use of an alternative regimen is recommended for individuals who become pregnant during therapy with EVOTAZ. Pharmacokinetic data from studies conducted in pregnant individuals receiving cobicistat showed substantially lower exposures during the second and third trimesters, and consequently also for the coadministered antiretroviral agent. Consult the full prescribing information for cobicistat for additional information. Pharmacokinetic data from the evaluation of atazanavir and cobicistat in a limited number of pregnant individuals showed a similar trend in lower exposures of the antiretroviral component, atazanavir. Prospective pregnancy data from the APR are not sufficient to adequately assess the risk of birth defects or miscarriage. Atazanavir use during pregnancy has been evaluated in a limited number of individuals. Available data from the APR show no increase in the risk of overall major birth defects for atazanavir compared with the background rate for major birth defects of 2.7% in a U.S. reference population of the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP) (see Data) . The rate of miscarriage is not reported in the APR. The estimated background rate of miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies in the U.S. general population is 15−20%. In animal reproduction studies, no evidence of adverse developmental outcomes was observed following oral administration of the components of EVOTAZ (atazanavir or cobicistat) to pregnant rats and rabbits (see Data) . During organogenesis in the rat and...

    Overdosage

    10 OVERDOSAGE Treatment for overdosage with EVOTAZ should consist of general supportive measures, including monitoring of vital signs and ECG, and observations of the patient’s clinical status. There is no specific antidote for overdose with EVOTAZ. Since atazanavir is extensively metabolized by the liver and both atazanavir and cobicistat are highly bound plasma proteins, it is unlikely that EVOTAZ will be significantly removed by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Atazanavir: Human experience of acute overdose with atazanavir is limited. A single self-administered overdose of 29.2 g of atazanavir in a patient with HIV-1 (73 times the 400-mg recommended dose of atazanavir administered without a CYP3A inhibitor) was associated with asymptomatic bifascicular block and PR interval prolongation. These events resolved spontaneously. At atazanavir doses resulting in high atazanavir exposures, jaundice due to indirect (unconjugated) hyperbilirubinemia (without associated liver function test changes) or PR interval prolongation may be observed [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1 , 5.10) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.2) ] .

    How Supplied

    16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING EVOTAZ ® tablets, 300 mg atazanavir and 150 mg cobicistat, are oval, biconvex, pink, film-coated, debossed with “3641” on one side and plain on the other side. Each bottle contains 30 tablets (NDC-0003-3641-11), a silica gel desiccant and is closed with a child-resistant closure. Store EVOTAZ tablets at 25°C (77°F); excursions permitted between 15°C and 30°C (59°F and 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Keep container tightly closed.

    About This Information

    This drug information is sourced from FDA-approved labeling via the openFDA database. It is intended for educational and reference purposes only. This is not medical advice. Always consult your healthcare provider before making decisions about medication. Drug information may be updated by the FDA; check with your pharmacist for the most current information.

    What are side effects?

    Side effects are unwanted reactions that can occur when taking a medication. They range from mild (headache, nausea) to severe (allergic reactions, organ damage). Not everyone experiences side effects, and severity varies. Report any concerning side effects to your doctor.

    What are drug interactions?

    Drug interactions occur when a medication is affected by another drug, food, or supplement. Interactions can make medications less effective or cause dangerous side effects. Always tell your doctor about all medications and supplements you take.